Vulnerabilities highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic from a bioethics perspective

Abstract This integrative literature review sought to identify the vulnerabilities faced by the Brazil population and which were highlighted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Bibliographic search conducted on the SciELO, LILACS and PubMed databases from February to March 2021 identified seven articles, which were organized by title, author(s), methodology, objectives, and main findings. The analysis found the following vulnerabilities: denial of rights, lack of socioeconomic power, and violence against children and the aged. These were systemized into the categories “vulnerability by lack of power” and “vulnerability by human development cycle.” Such vulnerabilities are historically marked in Brazil and have increased during the pandemic, thus highlighting the need for a bioethics-based active intervention.摘要 本综合文献综述旨在识别巴西民众在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行期间凸显的各类脆弱性。2021年2月至3月期间，研究者在SciELO、LILACS及PubMed数据库中开展文献检索，共筛选出7篇文献，并按标题、作者、研究方法、研究目标及主要研究发现进行整理。分析结果显示，巴西民众面临的脆弱性包括权利被剥夺、社会经济权力缺失，以及针对儿童与老年人的暴力行为。上述脆弱性可被归纳为“权力缺失型脆弱性”与“人类发展周期型脆弱性”两大类别。此类脆弱性在巴西具有历史积淀性，并在大流行期间进一步加剧，因此凸显了基于生命伦理学（bioethics）的主动干预的必要性。