Effects of Different Sources of Dietary Fibre of Growth Performance and Foie Gras Quality of Geese: A Meta-Analysis and Meta Regression’. Extended data; fig share

1. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of different sources of dietary fibre on growth performance and foie gras quality of geese. A dataset was arranged based on the algorithm for peer-reviewed published article from 1995 to 2021. The peer-reviewed published articles were evaluated strictly following the eligibility criteria for inclusion. 2. The final dataset consisted of 21 in vivo studies with 83 treatments units. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed using non-linear mixed model (nlme) library from R Studio 4.0.2. The structure algorithm conducted using library “magicks”; “ggplot”; “ggplot2”; and “cowplot” was added to represent heat-map countries of origin. 3. The quadratic patterns were shown (<i>p </i>&lt; 0.001) on growth performances from the result of meta-analyses on geese. The linear pattern shown (p &lt; 0.001) on foie gras quality. However, the blood parameters, probiotics decreased triglycerides (p &lt; 0.001) and concomitantly decreased albumin (p &lt; 0.01) in geese. The total population of the geese used on the experiment had effect on the outcomes 4. Meta-regression presented source of fibre used in the experiments were associated with growth performance and foie grass quality with the intercept (78.33 and 68.44, respectively); (<i>p</i>= 0.0056 and P&lt;0.051, respectively). Moreover, slope were presented (0.33 and 82.13, respectively); (<i>p</i>= 0.0077 and &lt;0.032 respectively) (Table 3). 5. Descriptive model shown that the carcase was 79.74±12.67% with Q25; Q50; Q75 was 71; 85.8; 87.7 % respectively. In instance, the Q25; Q50; Q75 of slaughtered weight (SW) at the 2780; 3320; 3410 g, respectively. Meanwhile, foie gras weight (FGW) result was 605.57±189.68 g/kg with each minimum weight at the 445 g/kg and maximum was 1026 g/kg. In line, both liver and hear present Q25; Q50; Q75 was 2.04; 2.39; 7.45 g/Kg and 0.65; 1.02; 22.01 g/Kg, respectively. Additionally, lightness represented 50.20±11.32 with Q25; Q50; Q75 was 39.01; 49.75; 51.42 g, respectively. In line, minimum result at the treatment was 39.01 and maximum result was 38.14 g. Moreover, redness result was 15.35±2.53 with Q25; Q50; Q75 was 14.23; 14.69; 18.52 g, respectively. Last, yellowness presented that the minimum result was 3.08 and maximum result was 23.8 with Q25; Q50; Q75 was 3.19; 7.27; 7.48, respectively. 6. The scientific evidence from the meta-analysis based on the in-vivo studies demonstrates that the dietary fibre is effective to enhance the intestinal villus number and improving the foie gras quality.

1. 本项元分析旨在探究不同来源膳食纤维对鹅生长性能及肥肝(foie gras)品质的影响。本数据集依托1995年至2021年发表的同行评议论文，通过预设筛选算法整理构建，所有纳入的同行评议论文均严格遵循入选标准完成评估筛选。
2. 最终数据集共纳入21项体内(in vivo)研究，包含83个处理单元。本研究采用R Studio 4.0.2软件中的非线性混合模型(non-linear mixed model, nlme)库开展元分析与元回归分析；同时借助"magicks""ggplot""ggplot2"及"cowplot"库构建可视化结构算法，用于生成原产国热图。
3. 元分析结果显示，鹅的生长性能呈现二次曲线模式（p < 0.001）；肥肝品质则呈现线性变化模式（p < 0.001）。此外，血液指标分析表明，益生菌可降低鹅体内甘油三酯水平（p < 0.001），同时显著降低白蛋白含量（p < 0.01）。实验所用鹅的总种群数量对实验结果存在显著影响。
4. 元回归分析显示，实验中所用膳食纤维来源与生长性能及肥肝品质显著相关，对应截距分别为78.33与68.44（p = 0.0056与p < 0.051）；斜率分别为0.33与82.13（p = 0.0077与p < 0.032），具体结果详见表3。
5. 描述性模型结果显示，鹅胴体占比为79.74±12.67%，其四分数位Q25、Q50、Q75分别为71%、85.8%与87.7%。例如，屠宰体重(slaughtered weight, SW)的Q25、Q50、Q75分别为2780g、3320g与3410g。与此同时，肥肝重量(foie gras weight, FGW)结果为605.57±189.68g/kg，各组最低肥肝重量为445g/kg，最高为1026g/kg。同理，肝脏与心脏重量的Q25、Q50、Q75分别为2.04、2.39、7.45g/kg与0.65、1.02、22.01g/kg。此外，肉色亮度值为50.20±11.32，其Q25、Q50、Q75分别为39.01、49.75与51.42g；该指标的最低处理组结果为39.01，最高处理组结果为38.14g。红度值为15.35±2.53，其Q25、Q50、Q75分别为14.23、14.69与18.52g；黄度值的最低结果为3.08，最高结果为23.8，其Q25、Q50、Q75分别为3.19、7.27与7.48。
6. 本项基于体内研究的元分析所得科学证据表明，膳食纤维可有效增加肠道绒毛数量，并改善肥肝品质。