Uniform Crime Reporting Program Data [United States]: Hate Crime Data, 1999 [Record-Type Files]

In response to a growing concern about hate crimes, the United States Congress enacted the Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990. The Act requires the attorney general to establish guidelines and collect, as part of the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program, data "about crimes that manifest evidence of prejudice based on race, religion, sexual orientation, or ethnicity, including where appropriate the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, simple assault, intimidation, arson, and destruction, damage or vandalism of property." Hate crime data collection was required by the Act to begin in calendar year 1990 and to continue for four successive years. In September 1994, the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act amended the Hate Crime Statistics Act to add disabilities, both physical and mental, as factors that could be considered a basis for hate crimes. Although the Act originally mandated data collection for five years, the Church Arson Prevention Act of 1996 amended the collection duration "for each calendar year," making hate crime statistics a permanent addition to the UCR program. As with the other UCR data, law enforcement agencies contribute reports either directly or through their state reporting programs. Information contained in the data includes number of victims and offenders involved in each hate crime incident, type of victims, bias motivation, offense type, and location type.

针对仇恨犯罪日益凸显的社会关切，美国国会于1990年出台了《1990年仇恨犯罪统计法》（Hate Crime Statistics Act of 1990）。该法案要求司法部长制定相关指南，并将相关数据收集作为统一犯罪报告计划（Uniform Crime Reporting Program，UCR）的组成部分，收集“基于种族、宗教、性取向或族裔存在偏见证据的犯罪数据，适当时机还包括谋杀、非过失杀人、强制性强奸、加重袭击、普通袭击、恐吓、纵火以及财产的毁坏、损坏或损毁类犯罪”。该法案要求仇恨犯罪数据收集工作于1990年日历年启动，并连续开展四年。1994年9月，《暴力犯罪控制与执法法》对《1990年仇恨犯罪统计法》进行修订，将身心残疾纳入仇恨犯罪的偏见动机认定范畴。尽管该法案最初仅要求开展五年的数据收集工作，但1996年的《教堂纵火预防法》进一步修订了数据收集期限，改为“按每个日历年持续进行”，自此仇恨犯罪统计成为UCR计划的常设内容。与其他UCR数据一样，执法机构可直接或通过州级报告项目提交相关报告。数据包含的信息包括每起仇恨犯罪事件的受害者与涉案人员人数、受害者类型、偏见动机、犯罪类型以及案发地点类型。