Fig 11 Data.

To elucidate the mechanical properties and failure behaviors of rock-like materials with weak interlayers of varying inclinations and thicknesses, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on such rock-like materials. The effects of interlayer inclination and thickness on the acoustic emission ringing counts and macroscopic fracture of the rock-like materials were investigated. From a mesoscopic perspective, the crack initiation and propagation processes, stress field distribution characteristics, and energy evolution laws of the rock-like materials with weak interlayers were analyzed. Additionally, the failure modes obtained from the experiments were compared with those from numerical simulations. The results indicate that as the interlayer thickness or inclination increases, the peak strength and elastic modulus of the specimens gradually decrease. Specifically, under the influence of interlayer thickness, the peak strength and elastic modulus decrease by 38.27% and 68.69%, respectively, while under the influence of interlayer inclination, they decrease by 51.28% and 8.47%, respectively. The energy dissipation of the specimens is mainly concentrated in the post-peak stage and is closely related to the propagation and coalescence of microcracks within the rock mass. The initial failure typically occurs at the weak interlayer or at the interface between layers. The weak interlayer serves as the primary zone for microcrack initiation, and the stress concentration zones are mainly distributed on the upper and lower sides of the interlayer. The failure mode transitions gradually from tensile failure to shear failure, ultimately dominated by a combined tensile-shear failure. Moreover, the failure primarily manifests as the overall failure of the specimens with weak interlayers.为阐明不同倾角与厚度的含软弱夹层类岩材料的力学特性与破坏行为，本研究针对该类含软弱夹层的类岩材料开展了单轴压缩试验。研究了夹层倾角与厚度对类岩材料声发射振铃计数及宏观断裂特征的影响。从细观尺度出发，本研究分析了含软弱夹层类岩材料的裂纹萌生与扩展过程、应力场分布特征以及能量演化规律。此外，还将试验所得的破坏模式与数值模拟结果进行了对比。研究结果表明，随着夹层厚度或倾角的增大，试件的峰值强度与弹性模量均逐渐降低。具体而言，在夹层厚度的影响下，试件的峰值强度与弹性模量分别降低38.27%与68.69%；而在夹层倾角的影响下，二者分别降低51.28%与8.47%。试件的能量耗散主要集中于峰后阶段，且与岩体内部微裂纹的扩展与贯通密切相关。初始破坏通常发生于软弱夹层或层间界面处。软弱夹层是微裂纹萌生的主要区域，应力集中区主要分布于夹层的上下两侧。破坏模式逐渐从拉伸破坏过渡为剪切破坏，最终以拉剪复合破坏为主。此外，破坏整体表现为含软弱夹层试件的整体性失稳破坏。