IMMUNOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ACUTE RHINOSINUSITIS ASSOCIATED WITH EBV VIRUS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common upper respiratory tract pathologies and is viral in 90–98% of cases. In recent years, interest has increased in the role of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the development of immune-inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa and paranasal sinuses. Although direct evidence of the etiologic role of EBV in acute rhinosinusitis is limited, accumulated data indicate its possible involvement in the impairment of innate and adaptive immunity, increased cytokine response, damage to the epithelial barrier, and prolongation of the inflammatory process. This review analyzes current understanding of the immunopathogenesis of EBV-associated acute rhinosinusitis, the characteristics of the cellular and humoral immune response, and the diagnostic value of serological and molecular markers. Existing gaps in the evidence base and areas for further research are discussed.急性鼻-鼻窦炎（acute rhinosinusitis）是最为常见的上呼吸道病理病症之一，其中90%~98%的病例由病毒感染引发。近年来，学界对EB病毒（Epstein-Barr virus, EBV）在鼻黏膜与鼻窦黏膜免疫炎症反应发生发展中的作用的研究兴趣日益浓厚。尽管EB病毒作为急性鼻-鼻窦炎致病原的直接证据仍较为有限，但现有累积数据显示，其可能参与先天免疫与适应性免疫的功能损伤、细胞因子应答增强、上皮屏障破坏以及炎症进程的延长。本综述分析了当前学界对EB病毒相关急性鼻-鼻窦炎免疫发病机制的认知，阐述了细胞免疫与体液免疫应答的特征，以及血清学与分子标志物的诊断价值，并讨论了当前证据体系中存在的空白领域与未来潜在的研究方向。