Studies identified.

Background
The delivery of rehabilitation services for hard-to-reach populations (e.g., refugees) is highly complex. There is a need for evidence-based approaches to deliver physiotherapy (PT) or occupational therapy (OT) services to this underserved group.
Objectives
The purpose of this scoping review was to identify PT and OT service delivery models that have been implemented, for populations typically identified as hard-to-reach and their associated health outcomes.
Eligibility criteria
Articles were eligible if they described PT and/or OT services for hard-to-reach populations. There were no restrictions on study design.
Study selection
Six electronic databases (AMED, CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Healthstar, and PsycINFO) were searched from January 2000 to June 2023. Articles were screened in duplicate by two independent reviewers, and conflicts were resolved by consensus.
Results
Twenty-one articles with variable sample sizes (min, max n = 3 to 237) were included and detailed PT and/or OT services for immigrants/migrants, refugees, hard-to-reach veterans, people experiencing homelessness, lower incomes, trauma/torture, and those living in rehabilitation-deficient areas. Common rehabilitation needs (e.g., clinician to client connectivity), barriers (e.g., high transportation costs) and facilitators (e.g., encouragement) were identified among the various populations, mainly due to intersecting identities such as those who are both traumatized and refugees. Unique factors pertaining to the PT and OT services were also identified in some groups, including access to child and family services for people experiencing homelessness.
Conclusions
Despite common and individual needs, barriers, and facilitators in hard-to-reach groups in the literature, there is a need for studies with larger sample sizes, rigorous methodology and a conscious effort to publish the results of interventions to generate stronger recommendations for practice.

研究背景
难以接触人群（如难民）的康复服务供给工作极为复杂。针对这一服务欠覆盖群体提供物理治疗（Physiotherapy, PT）或作业治疗（Occupational Therapy, OT）服务，亟需采用循证方法。
研究目的
本范围综述（Scoping Review）旨在梳理针对典型难以接触人群所实施的物理治疗与作业治疗服务供给模式，及其相关健康结局。
纳入标准
凡针对难以接触人群描述物理治疗和/或作业治疗服务的文献均符合纳入要求，研究设计类型无限制。
文献筛选
本研究检索了2000年1月至2023年6月期间的6个电子数据库：AMED、CINAHL、MEDLINE、EMBASE、Healthstar及PsycINFO。由2名独立评审员双人独立筛查文献，通过协商一致解决分歧。
研究结果
本研究共纳入21篇文献，样本量跨度为3至237例。这些文献详细描述了针对移民/移居者、难民、难以接触的退伍军人、无家可归者、低收入人群、创伤/酷刑受害者以及康复服务匮乏地区居民的物理治疗和/或作业治疗服务。研究识别出不同人群共有的康复需求（如临床人员与服务对象的对接联结）、阻碍因素（如高额交通成本）及促进因素（如支持鼓励），这主要源于交叉身份特征，例如同时遭受创伤且为难民的人群。部分群体中还发现了与物理治疗和作业治疗服务相关的独特影响因素，例如无家可归者可获得的儿童与家庭服务。
研究结论
尽管现有文献已识别出难以接触群体共有的与个体化的康复需求、阻碍因素及促进因素，但仍需开展样本量更大、方法学更严谨的研究，并主动发布干预研究结果，以形成更具指导性的实践建议。