<b>Inference Complexity and the Logic Bias Effect in Conditional Reasoning</b>

The hybrid dual processing model maintains that humans possess an extensive intuitive logic featuring multiple deductive inference forms. One basis for this claim is the presence of a logic bias effect on the dual instructional set paradigm. Implicit logical processing interferes with efforts to respond on the basis of belief to a greater extent than belief-based processing interferes with efforts to respond on the basis of logical validity. An important question for the hybrid model is whether there are limits to intuitive logic. Across two experiments, we manipulated inference complexity (defined by inference direction and the presence or absence of negation) on a conditional reasoning task by crossing conditional inference type (modus ponens: MP, modus tollens: MT) and conclusion wording (normal, contrary). We found that the presence or absence of the logic bias effect depended on the complexity of processing required by the inference. In particular, the extent to which logical processing interfered with efforts to respond according to belief was a function of inference complexity. We also provide evidence that the logic bias effect is positively related to analytical thinking disposition and negatively related to working memory capacity. These results suggest that there are limitations to intuitive logic even within everyday inferences.混合双加工模型主张，人类拥有涵盖多种演绎推理形式的丰富直觉逻辑体系。该主张的依据之一，是双指令集范式中存在逻辑偏差效应：内隐逻辑加工对基于信念作答过程的干扰程度，要大于基于信念的加工对基于逻辑有效性作答过程的干扰。该混合模型面临的一个关键问题是，直觉逻辑是否存在边界。本研究通过两项实验，在条件推理任务中操纵推理复杂度——推理复杂度由推理方向及否定词的有无界定——并交叉设置了条件推理类型（肯定前件式（modus ponens，MP）与否定后件式（modus tollens，MT））与结论表述（常规表述、反义表述）两个变量。研究发现，逻辑偏差效应的有无取决于推理任务所需的加工复杂度：具体而言，逻辑加工对基于信念作答的干扰程度，随推理复杂度的变化而变化。此外，本研究还提供实证证据表明，逻辑偏差效应与分析性思维倾向呈正相关，与工作记忆容量呈负相关。上述结果表明，即便在日常推理情境中，直觉逻辑也存在局限性。