Agronomic responses of grapevine ‘Chenin Blanc’ as a function of training systems and rootstocks

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to study the influence of training system and rootstock on the yield, vigor and physiology of the ‘Chenin Blanc’ grapevine at São Francisco Valley, northeastern Brazil. An experiment was carried out on eight harvests, from 2013 to 2017, in Petrolina, in the state of Pernambuco. Grapevines were grown under two training systems, lyre and espalier, and five rootstocks: ‘IAC 572’, ‘IAC 313’, ‘IAC 766’, ‘Paulsen 1103’ and ‘SO4’, using a split-plot randomized block design, with training systems assigned to the main plot and the rootstock assigned to the subplot. Lyre favored an increase in the number of bunches, branches and leaf mass in the harvest of the first semester of the year, while in the second semester there were increases of 40 % in the number of bunches and 10 % in leaf mass. Lyre promoted more balanced vines, showing a better ratio between production and pruning weight (Ravaz index). The rootstocks ‘IAC 766’, ‘IAC 313’ and ‘IAC 572’ increased yield and bunch mass under both training systems, while ‘SO4’ reduced yield and vigor. The stomatal conductance and instantaneous efficiency of water use were not influenced by either the training system or the rootstock. Under tropical conditions in the São Francisco Valley, ‘Chenin Blanc’ grapevine may be grown under the lyre training system, preferably on the ‘IAC 766’ rootstock, to obtain high yields and balanced grapevines.

摘要
本研究旨在探究巴西东北部圣弗朗西斯科谷（São Francisco Valley）内，‘白诗南（Chenin Blanc）’葡萄的栽培系统与砧木对其产量、长势及生理特性的影响。试验于巴西伯南布哥州佩特罗利纳市开展，覆盖2013至2017年共8个采收季。试验采用裂区随机区组设计，主区设置两种栽培系统：双篱架（lyre）与棚架（espalier）；副区设置5种砧木：‘IAC 572’、‘IAC 313’、‘IAC 766’、‘Paulsen 1103’与‘SO4’，其中栽培系统分配至主区，砧木分配至副区。
双篱架栽培可提升年度上半年采收季的果穗数、枝条数与叶片生物量；而在下半年采收季，其果穗数提升40%、叶片生物量提升10%。双篱架栽培能使葡萄树长势更均衡，其产量与修剪枝重量的比值（拉瓦兹指数，Ravaz index）表现更优。
‘IAC 766’、‘IAC 313’与‘IAC 572’在两种栽培系统下均能提升葡萄产量与果穗质量，而‘SO4’则会降低产量与树势。气孔导度与瞬时水分利用效率不受栽培系统或砧木的影响。
在圣弗朗西斯科谷的热带栽培条件下，‘白诗南’葡萄可采用双篱架栽培系统，优先搭配‘IAC 766’砧木，以获得高产且长势均衡的葡萄植株。