Diversity of Brazilian Fungi

Abstract Knowledge about the Brazilian fungal diversity was, until 2010, recorded in few taxonomy and ecology publications, as well as in a handful of species lists. With the publication of the Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos do Brasil and the continued availability of an online list, it has been possible to aggregate this dispersed knowledge. The version presented here adds 2,111 species names to the 3,608 listed in 2010. A total of 5,719 species of fungi distributed in 1,246 genera, 102 orders and 13 phyla represents a considerable increase over the last five years, when only 924 genera and 78 orders were registered. Basidiomycota (2,741 species in 22 orders) and Ascomycota (1,881 species in 41 orders) predominate over other groups. The Atlantic Rainforest has the largest number of records, with 3,017 species, followed by Amazon Rainforest (1,050), Caatinga (999), Cerrado (638) and Pampa and Pantanal with 84 and 35 species, respectively. The Northeast region has the greatest richness (2,617 species), followed by Southeast (2,252), South (1,995), North (1,301) and Central-West (488 species). Regarding the States of the Federation, São Paulo with 1,846 species, Pernambuco with 1,611 and Rio Grande do Sul with 1,377 species are the most diverse.

摘要：巴西真菌多样性的相关学术认知，直至2010年仅散见于少量分类学与生态学文献，以及为数不多的物种名录之中。随着《巴西植物与真菌目录》的正式出版，加之在线名录的持续更新，这些零散的知识内容得以整合汇总。本次发布的版本在2010年收录的3608个物种名称基础上，新增2111个物种名称。本次收录的真菌共计5719种，隶属于1246个属、102个目及13个门，相较2010年仅记录的924个属与78个目，在过去五年间实现了大幅增长。其中，担子菌门（Basidiomycota，含22个目、2741个物种）与子囊菌门（Ascomycota，含41个目、1881个物种）为优势类群。从生境分布来看，大西洋雨林的记录物种数量最多，达3017种，其次为亚马逊雨林（1050种）、卡廷加（Caatinga，999种）、塞拉多（Cerrado，638种），潘帕斯草原（Pampa）与潘塔纳尔湿地（Pantanal）分别仅收录84种与35种。从自然区域划分来看，巴西东北部地区的物种丰富度最高，达2617种，依次为东南部（2252种）、南部（1995种）、北部（1301种）与中西部（488种）。就巴西联邦各州而言，圣保罗州（São Paulo，1846种）、伯南布哥州（Pernambuco，1611种）与南里奥格兰德州（Rio Grande do Sul，1377种）的物种多样性最为丰富。