Supplementary Material for: Assessing psychomotor disturbances among mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Psychomotor disturbances (PmD) emerge as common symptoms in many psychiatric diseases. However, currently it lacks a systematic description of PmD among different mental disorders, largely due to the heterogeneity of PmD manifestations. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this question. The initial literature search covered the period from the emergence of the concept of "Psychomotor" (1937) to June 27, 2024, which identified 5,701 relevant articles, then purified into 35 cross-sectional studies encompassing five types of mental disorders with 1,828 participants for further analyses. Our results suggest that patients with various mental disorders may commonly exhibit psychomotor retardation (PmR), with subgroup analyses showing effect sizes ranging from -0.32 to -2.31 across five mental disorder types. Moreover, there is preliminary evidence that patients exhibiting PmR may also experience cognitive impairments compared to healthy controls. In sum, our results indicated that PmD may involve in clinical manifestations of different mental disorders.

精神运动障碍（Psychomotor Disturbances, PmD）是多种精神疾病的常见症状。然而，目前学界尚未针对不同精神障碍患者的精神运动障碍表现形成系统性描述，这在很大程度上源于精神运动障碍临床表现的异质性。本研究开展了一项系统综述与荟萃分析，旨在探讨该问题。本次初始文献检索的时间范围覆盖自“精神运动”概念诞生（1937年）至2024年6月27日，共检索到5701篇相关文献，经筛选后纳入35项横断面研究，涵盖5类精神障碍，共纳入1828名受试者进行后续分析。研究结果显示，各类精神障碍患者普遍可能表现出精神运动迟滞（Psychomotor Retardation, PmR）；亚组分析显示，5类精神障碍的效应量范围为-0.32至-2.31。此外，初步证据表明，与健康对照相比，表现出精神运动迟滞的患者可能同时存在认知功能损害。综上，本研究结果提示，精神运动障碍可能参与多种精神障碍的临床表现。