Science, Arts, and National Mental Health: A Cross-National Panel Study of Intellectual Capital and Anxiety Prevalence

The dataset supports the manuscript “Science, Arts, and National Mental Health: A Cross-National Panel Study of Intellectual Capital and Anxiety Prevalence.” It is a country-year panel dataset covering 149 countries over 26 years from 1995 to 2020, yielding approximately 3,874 observations. The dependent variable is national anxiety prevalence (NAP), measured as the population prevalence of anxiety and depression. The main explanatory variables capture national intellectual capital development in two domains: the sciences, measured through science, technology, engineering, and mathematics publication intensity per capita, and the arts, measured through social sciences, humanities, and creative arts publication intensity per capita. The dataset also includes their interaction term to examine whether arts-based intellectual capital moderates the association between science-based intellectual capital and national mental health. Additional variables include education attainment among the population aged 15 and above, GDP per capita, R&D expenditure, health expenditure, internet diffusion, population size, economic freedom, political corruption, military spending, individualism, and OECD/developing-economy status. The data were assembled from internationally comparable sources, including the World Health Organization, Clarivate Journal Citation Reports, the World Bank, SIPRI, and institutional/economic indicators, and were prepared for longitudinal mixed-effects, robustness, lagged-effect, and sensitivity analyses.

本数据集支撑研究论文《科学、艺术与国民心理健康：一项关于智力资本与焦虑患病率的跨国面板研究》。该数据集为覆盖1995至2020年共26年、包含149个国家的国别-年度面板数据集，有效观测值约3874条。因变量为国民焦虑患病率（NAP），以焦虑与抑郁的人群患病率为衡量指标。核心解释变量涵盖两大领域的国家智力资本发展水平：其一为科学领域，以人均科学、技术、工程与数学（STEM）论文发表强度作为衡量标准；其二为艺术领域，以人均社会科学、人文与创意艺术论文发表强度作为衡量标准。数据集同时纳入二者的交互项，以检验基于艺术的智力资本是否会调节基于科学的智力资本与国民心理健康之间的关联。额外控制变量包括15岁及以上人口受教育程度、人均国内生产总值（GDP）、研发（Research and Development, R&D）支出、医疗卫生支出、互联网普及程度、人口规模、经济自由度、政治腐败程度、军费开支、个人主义指数，以及经济合作与发展组织（OECD）成员国/发展中经济体身份标识。本数据集的数据源均为具备国际可比性的公开渠道，包括世界卫生组织、科睿唯安期刊引证报告、世界银行、斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所（SIPRI）及各类制度与经济指标，已完成适配纵向混合效应分析、稳健性检验、滞后效应分析与敏感性分析的数据预处理工作。