Reasonable Water–Fertilizer Ratios Regulate Fruit Cell Development and Improve the Quality of Fragrant Pear in China’s Extreme Arid Regions

Eight-year-old grafted fragrant pear trees (Pyrus sinkiangensis ‘Korla’) were used as the test material, and the rootstock is Pyrus betulifolia. The spacing between plants and rows is 1×4m. The flowering, fruiting, and overall growth and development of a tree depend primarily on its nutrient reserves accumulated in the previous year. To ensure consistency in the experiment, we selected fragrant pear trees with similar tree height and crown width as our study subjects. The fertilization method employed is entirely drip irrigation fertilization. The experiment consisted of multiple treatments. For each treatment, a group of ten fragrant pear trees was established, and the entire experiment was repeated three times. The experiment employed an orthogonal experimental design based on the L9(34) orthogonal array, involving four factors: irrigation volume, nitrogen application rate, phosphorus application rate, and potassium application rate. The levels of irrigation and fertilization were systematically determined through a comprehensive review of prior experimental studies and relevant literature (Tianle et al., 2024; Chai et al., 2013; Liang et al., 2008). Irrigation volume was set at two levels: 2400 m3·ha-1 (W1) and 3600 m3·ha-1 (W2). Nitrogen application rate was established at three levels: 150 kg·ha-1 (N1), 300 kg·ha-1 (N2), and 450 kg·ha-1 (N3). Phosphorus application rate was also assigned three levels: 112.5 kg·ha-1 (P1), 225 kg·ha-1 (P2), and 337.5 kg·ha-1 (P3). Similarly, potassium application rate was set at three levels: 55 kg·ha-1 (K1), 110 kg·ha-1 (K2), and 165 kg·ha-1 (K3). Measure the yield, single fruit weight, fruit cell development and fruit quality of each experimental treatment.

本试验以8年生嫁接库尔勒香梨（Pyrus sinkiangensis ‘Korla’）为试材，砧木为川梨（Pyrus betulifolia），株行距为1×4米。果树的开花、坐果与整体生长发育主要依赖于上一年度积累的养分储备。为保证试验一致性，本研究选取树高与冠幅相近的香梨树作为试验对象。供试施肥方式采用全量滴灌施肥。

试验设置多个处理组，每个处理组包含10株香梨树，且整个试验重复3次。本试验采用基于L9(3⁴)正交表（L9(3⁴) orthogonal array）的正交试验设计（orthogonal experimental design），共涉及4个因素：灌水量、施氮量、施磷量及施钾量。灌肥水平的设置通过综合梳理已有试验研究与相关文献（Tianle等，2024；Chai等，2013；Liang等，2008）系统确定。

灌水量设置2个水平：2400 m³·hm⁻²（W1）与3600 m³·hm⁻²（W2）；施氮量设置3个水平：150 kg·hm⁻²（N1）、300 kg·hm⁻²（N2）与450 kg·hm⁻²（N3）；施磷量设置3个水平：112.5 kg·hm⁻²（P1）、225 kg·hm⁻²（P2）与337.5 kg·hm⁻²（P3）；施钾量亦设置3个水平：55 kg·hm⁻²（K1）、110 kg·hm⁻²（K2）与165 kg·hm⁻²（K3）。

本试验测定各试验处理的产量、单果重、果实细胞发育状况及果实品质。