Figure. S1

Quality control assessment of RNA-Seq data across experimental groups. (A) Pearson correlation heatmap with hierarchical clustering of all samples, illustrating the correlation coefficients between samples. Samples are labeled on the vertical axis, with group affiliations indicated on the horizontal axis: sedentary (SED, gray), aerobic exercise training (AET, green), and AET combined with metformin (AET + MET, red). (B) Multidimensional scaling (MDS) plot displaying the spatial distribution of samples based on gene expression profiles. Axes represent the first two dimensions capturing the highest variance. Each point corresponds to a sample, labeled and color-coded by group: SED (gray), AET (green), and AET + MET (red). Distinct separation between groups indicates variability in transcriptional profiles. (C) Heatmap of the top 100 most variable transcripts across all samples. Rows represent individual genes, and columns represent samples, with sample IDs color-coded by group: SED (gray), AET (green), and AET + MET (red). Cell colors reflect Z-scored expression levels, with red indicating higher expression and blue indicating lower expression. The heatmap reveals gene expression patterns and variability within and between experimental groups. Dendrograms depict the hierarchical relationships, highlighting distinct clustering patterns among experimental groups.

不同实验组的RNA测序（RNA-Seq）数据质量控制评估。(A) 所有样本的层级聚类皮尔逊相关热图，用于展示样本间的相关系数。纵轴标注样本，横轴标注样本所属组别：久坐组（sedentary, SED，灰色）、有氧运动训练组（aerobic exercise training, AET，绿色）以及二甲双胍联合有氧运动训练组（AET + MET，红色）。(B) 多维尺度分析（Multidimensional Scaling, MDS）图，基于基因表达谱展示样本的空间分布。坐标轴代表捕获最大方差的前两个主维度。每个点对应一个样本，按组别进行标注与颜色编码：SED组（灰色）、AET组（绿色）以及AET + MET组（红色）。组间清晰的分离现象表明转录组谱存在显著差异。(C) 所有样本中表达量变异度排名前100的转录本热图。行代表单个基因，列代表样本，样本ID按组别进行颜色编码：SED组（灰色）、AET组（绿色）以及AET + MET组（红色）。单元格颜色反映经Z分数标准化后的表达水平，红色代表高表达，蓝色代表低表达。该热图展示了实验组内及组间的基因表达模式与变异程度。树状图展示了层级聚类关系，凸显了实验组间独特的聚类模式。