THE CONCEPT OF BILINGUALISM AND ITS MAIN CLASSIFICATIONS

The article considers bilingualism as a complex socio-cultural and psycholinguistic phenomenon of modern society. The main types and classifications of bilingualism, the peculiarities of the functioning of languages in the minds of bilinguals, as well as static and dynamic approaches to its study are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of language interaction, code switching and interference. The interdisciplinary nature of bilingualism research and its role in the formation of a person's cultural and linguistic identity are substantiated. The materials of the article can be used in linguistic, pedagogical and socio-humanitarian research.本文将双语现象（bilingualism）视为现代社会中一种复杂的社会文化与心理语言学（psycholinguistic）现象。文中分析了双语现象的主要类型与分类体系、双语者心智内语言运作的独特特质，以及研究该现象的静态与动态研究路径。本文着重关注语言互动机制、语码转换（code switching）与语言干扰（interference）等核心议题，并论证了双语现象研究的跨学科属性，及其在个体文化与语言身份认同形成过程中所发挥的重要作用。本文所载研究资料可应用于语言学、教育学与社会人文学科的相关研究领域。