ENRIQUECIMENTO ELEMENTAR POR MEIO DE CULTIVO: PLANTAS E COGUMELOS

The foods enrichment with essential elements is an alternative to supply deficiencies of micronutrients and the fortification by rich cultivation is a promising strategy for the elemental enrichment of agricultural origin products, mainly in regions where there is high prevalence. On the other hand, in elemental enrichment procedures, possible antagonistic and / or synergistic relationships in the absorption and translocation of essential elements in agricultural products should be evaluated. Additionally, it is important to highlight the need to know the elements species capable of being absorbed and used in the metabolism of edible plants and mushrooms as well as the species formed after enrichment, being necessary to evaluate mainly if enriched foods present the same chemical characteristics, when compared to those grown under natural conditions. Therefore, in this review, works from the literature are presented involving promising strategies for elemental enrichment of edible plants and mushrooms grown in an appropriate medium, prioritizing the chemical characterization of the enriched food. Cultivation enrichment procedures are an excellent and promising alternative to help reduce elemental deficiencies as well as to maintain the recommended daily intake of these essential micronutrients for human nutrition and health.

向食品中添加必需元素是弥补微量营养素缺乏的可行途径，而通过富化栽培实现强化，则是农产品来源食品元素富集的极具前景的策略，尤其适用于微量营养素缺乏高发区域。另一方面，在元素富集流程中，需评估农产品内必需元素吸收与转运过程中可能存在的拮抗与协同关系。此外，需明确可被食用植物与蕈菌吸收并用于其代谢过程的元素形态，以及富集后形成的元素形态；同时重点评估富集食品与天然栽培食品是否具有一致的化学特性，这一点至关重要。因此，本综述梳理了现有文献中有关在适宜培养基中栽培食用植物与蕈菌、以实现元素富集的相关研究，重点聚焦富集食品的化学表征工作。栽培富集方案是减少元素缺乏、维持人体营养与健康所需必需微量营养素每日推荐摄入量的优质且极具前景的解决方案。