Data from: Surf and Turf Vision: Patterns and predictors of visual acuity in compound eye evolution

Eyes have the flexibility to evolve to meet the ecological demands of
their users. Relative to camera-type eyes, the fundamental limits
of optical diffraction in arthropod compound eyes restricts the ability to
resolve fine detail (visual acuity) to much lower degrees. We tested the
capacity of several ecological factors to predict arthropod visual acuity,
while simultaneously controlling for shared phylogenetic
history. In this study, we have generated the most comprehensive
review of compound eye visual acuity measurements to date,
containing 375 species that span six of the major arthropod
classes. An arthropod phylogeny, made custom to this database, was used to
develop a phylogenetically-corrected generalized least squares (PGLS)
linear model to evaluate four ecological factors predicted to underlie
compound eye visual acuity: environmental light intensity, foraging
strategy (predator vs. non-predator), horizontal structure of the
visual scene, and environmental medium (air vs. water). To
account for optical constraints on acuity related to animal size, body
length was also included, though this did not show a significant effect in
any of our models. Rather, the PGLS revealed that the strongest predictors
of compound eye acuity are described by a combination of environmental
medium, foraging strategy, and environmental light intensity.

眼睛具备灵活演化的能力，以适配其拥有者的生态需求。相较于相机型眼睛（camera-type eyes），节肢动物复眼（arthropod compound eyes）受光学衍射（optical diffraction）的固有极限限制，其分辨精细细节的能力，即视敏度（visual acuity），远低于前者。
本研究测试了多种生态因子对节肢动物视敏度的预测能力，同时控制了共享系统发育历史（shared phylogenetic history）带来的混杂影响。
我们完成了迄今为止最全面的复眼视敏度测量数据综述，样本涵盖6个主要节肢动物类群的375个物种。
针对本数据库定制的节肢动物系统发育树，被用于构建系统发育校正广义最小二乘（phylogenetically-corrected generalized least squares, PGLS）线性模型，以评估4种被认为是复眼视敏度核心驱动因子的生态因子：环境光照强度、觅食策略（捕食者vs非捕食者）、视觉场景的水平结构，以及环境介质（空气vs水）。
为了考量动物体型对视敏度的光学约束，本研究同时纳入了体长变量，但该变量在所有模型中均未表现出显著效应。
最终的系统发育校正广义最小二乘模型结果显示，复眼视敏度的最强预测因子为环境介质、觅食策略与环境光照强度的组合效应。