Data_Sheet_2_Long-Term Mating Orientation in Men: The Role of Socioeconomic Status, Protection Skills, and Parenthood Disposition.DOCX

From an evolutionary perspective, phenotypic, social, and environmental factors help to shape the different costs and benefits of pursuing different reproductive strategies (or a mixture of them) from one individual to another. Since men’s reproductive success is mainly constrained to women’s availability, their mating orientations should be partially calibrated by features that women prefer in a potential partner. For long-term relationships, women prefer traits that signal access to resources, protection skills, and the willingness to share them. Using generalized linear models with laboratory data taken from a Chilean population (N = 197), this study aimed to test whether real and potential resources (measured as self-reported socioeconomic status), protection skills (measured as handgrip strength), and the willingness to provide resources and protection (measured as their disposition toward parenthood) are related to mating orientation in men. Our predictions were: (1) socioeconomic status would be positively associated with long-term and short-term mating orientation but for long-term-oriented individuals, this would be enhanced by having a more favorable parenthood disposition and (2) strength would be positively related to long-term mating orientation in men with higher socioeconomic status and a favorable disposition toward parenthood and it would have a positive and direct association with short-term mating orientation. Our results partially supported the first hypothesis, since men with higher socioeconomic status were more long-term oriented, but parenting disposition did not moderate this effect. Contrary to our expectations, socioeconomic status was not related to short-term mating orientation. Strength appeared not to be significant for long-term mating orientation, even interacting with other traits. However, strength by itself was powerfully linked with a short-term mating orientation. Our results suggest that only some individuals that are attractive for long-term relationships are indeed long-term oriented and may reflect the overall conflict of interests between mating strategies among sexes.

从进化视角来看，表型（phenotypic）、社会与环境因素会塑造不同个体在追求不同繁殖策略（或混合繁殖策略）时的成本与收益差异。由于男性的繁殖成功率主要受限于女性的可获得性，其择偶倾向（mating orientation）应部分由女性对潜在伴侣的偏好特征所校准。就长期亲密关系而言，女性更偏好那些能传递出资源获取能力、保护能力以及资源与保护意愿的特质。
本研究采用广义线性模型（generalized linear models），分析来自智利人群的实验室数据（N=197），旨在检验男性的真实与潜在资源（以自我报告的社会经济地位（socioeconomic status）衡量）、保护能力（以握力（handgrip strength）衡量）以及提供资源与保护的意愿（以育儿倾向（disposition toward parenthood）衡量）是否与其择偶倾向相关。
本研究提出两项预测：（1）社会经济地位与男性的长期、短期择偶倾向均呈正相关，且对于长期择偶倾向的个体而言，更积极的育儿倾向会强化这一关联；（2）握力与社会经济地位较高且育儿倾向积极的男性的长期择偶倾向呈正相关，同时握力本身与短期择偶倾向存在直接正向关联。
研究结果部分支持了第一项假设：社会经济地位较高的男性更倾向于长期择偶，但育儿倾向并未对这一效应起到调节作用。与预期相悖的是，社会经济地位与男性的短期择偶倾向并无关联。即便与其他特质存在交互作用，握力对男性的长期择偶倾向也未表现出显著影响。但握力本身与短期择偶倾向存在极强的关联。本研究结果表明，仅有部分在长期亲密关系中具备吸引力的男性确实倾向于长期择偶，这或许反映了两性间择偶策略的整体利益冲突。