Labour Force Survey 2014, 4th quarter

Labour Force Survey 2014, 4th quarter. As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level. As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the aforementioned areas. As of the 1st quarter of 2009 the new classification of economic activities: SN2007/ISIC rev 5 replaces SN2002/ISIC Rev 4. As of the 1st quarter of 2011 the new classification of occupants STYRK-08/ISCO-08 replaces STYRK/ISCO-88. From 2011 the new standard classification of occupations STYRK-08 replaces the previously used STYRK. From 1st quarter of 2011 professions are coded for both old and new occupational standards. On the basis of this double coding transition keys between old and new standards is calculated. The occupational figures for 2011, will because of this, not be comparable with previous years. -------------------------------------------- Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development. In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: "Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser", SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: "Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics. In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and "over employment" in the original questionnaire were abandoned. From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The "old" means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the "new" implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987. ------------------------------------------------------------- Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable "Labour-market status" was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. In addition, an escalation scheme to increase the sample size was started. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number. In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new Norwegian standard classification of occupations (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification.

2014年第四季度劳动力调查。自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计统计局（Statistics Norway, SSB）便开展官方季度劳动力调查（AKU）。此类调查旨在为劳动力管理部门及其他相关从业者提供人口职业结构及其随时间演变的相关信息，为职业预测与劳动力研究提供基础依据与统计素材。

1992年起，AKU的样本实现县级代表性；1972年至1991年期间，样本则以县配对为单位实现代表性。2006年1月起，AKU迎来多项重大调整，以提升其与其他国家同类调查的可比性：包括对失业定义的小幅修订、问卷内容的优化与扩充，以及年龄定义的变更（采用调查基准时点年龄替代年末年龄）。同时，AKU的纳入年龄下限从16岁下调至15岁，上述调整使得相关领域的时间序列出现断点。

2009年第一季度起，全新的行业分类标准SN2007/国际标准产业分类修订第5版（SN2007/ISIC Rev 5）取代SN2002/ISIC Rev 4；2011年第一季度起，全新的职业分类标准STYRK-08/国际职业分类标准修订第8版（STYRK-08/ISCO-08）取代STYRK/ISCO-88。自2011年起，职业编码同时兼容新旧两套职业分类标准，并据此计算新旧标准间的转换系数。受此影响，2011年的职业统计数据与此前年份不具备可比性。

最初，AKU的受访者需在一年中的两个连续季度接受访谈，随后暂停两个季度，再进行两个季度的访谈。1988年之前，每季度的受访者样本规模约为10000至11000人。AKU最初旨在作为基于社会保障参保索引文件的月度职业统计的分析补充。然而，1971年1月1日起，病假津贴纳入国民保险体系，基于社会保障的统计数据随之消失，AKU也逐步发展为了解劳动力市场现状及其发展趋势的核心信息来源。

1975年，挪威统计统计局调整了调查研究的抽样框架，相关细节可参见Steinar Tamsfoss所著《挪威统计统计局调查研究办公室的随机样本使用规范》（"Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser", SSB）以及Ib Thomsen所著《挪威统计统计局抽样调查的原则与方法》（"Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse", SØS 33）。同年，全国总量的通胀估算方法也进行了调整，自此1975年起可生成合理的区域层面统计数据。1975年的调整改变了分组访谈方式，其中一项直接影响便是打破了AKU的面板轮换体系。1976年的AKU调查中，问卷内容小幅修订，同时回归至最初的6季度轮换方案。新问卷可更好地识别家庭雇工与临时无薪工作者，因此新增30000至35000名就业人员统计对象；“无收入求职者”群体的范围也扩展至非自愿休假人员。原问卷中关于就业不足与“过度就业”的问题被移除。

1987年第一季度起，全国总量的通胀估算方法小幅调整，就业定义也进行了小幅修订。为确保数据与此前调查的可比性，研究人员编制了1980年至1986年AKU数据集的新旧两个版本。因此，1980年至1987年的数据集存在两个版本，分别采用新旧两种估算方法：“旧版本”数据可与1972年至1987年发布的原始统计数据兼容，“新版本”数据则可与1987年之后发布的统计数据兼容。

1988年第一季度与第二季度之间，AKU的数据集说明进行了修订：“劳动力市场地位”变量的编码规则发生变化；同时调整了数据收集流程，将原每季度固定一周的访谈改为持续性的周度访谈，并启动了样本量扩容计划。上述调整影响了权重计算，自1988年第二季度起，权重改为按月重新计算。为了将季度或年度数据集校准至全国总量，月度权重需分别除以3或12以得到正确的总样本量。

1996年，AKU迎来重大修订：包括问卷内容、数据集说明以及行业与职业编码标准的全面更新。数据收集方式改为计算机辅助电话访谈（Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, CATI）。新行业分类标准NOS C 182（基于欧盟标准NACE Rev.1）正式启用，该标准分别于2002年与2007年进行了更新。同时，基于ISCO 88的全新挪威职业分类标准STYRK自1996年起投入使用。由于新职业分类体系中未开发类似变量，原有的社会经济地位标识变量被移除。