UpTempO: Measuring the Upper Layer Temperature of the Arctic Ocean

Ice-based buoys exist that can measure temperature profiles, but these are not optimized for observing the open sea. Thus the objective of this proposal is to fill this gap in the Arctic Observing Network (AON) measurement strategy, i.e., to measure the time history of summer warming and subsequent fall cooling of the seasonally open water areas of the Arctic Ocean. The PIs will focus on those areas with the greatest ice retreat, i.e., the northern Beaufort, Chukchi, East Siberian, and Laptev Seas. Their method will be to build up to 10 relatively inexpensive ocean thermistor string buoys per year, to be deployed in the seasonally ice-free regions of the Arctic Ocean. The Arctic-ADOS (Autonomous Drifting Ocean Station) buoy will float at the ocean surface, equipped with (i) a sea level pressure sensor, (ii) a 50 m long string of 11 thermistors, and (iii) a high precision conductivity/temperature pair at 5 m depth on some buoys for thermistor calibration. Data will be recorded every 2 hours and downloaded in near real time via Argos satellite to the web site of the International Arctic Buoy Program (IABP). Daily average and vertically interpolated data (to 1 m bins) will also be provided on the IABP website, and will be sent to data archives (Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service-CADIS and National Oceanographic Data Center-NODC). The PIs will also work with scientists at mission-oriented agencies to better incorporate ocean surface data into their global products such as Sea Surface Temperature analyses. Real-time data will also be made available to the operational community via the Global Telecommunications System (GTS). Buoy deployment will use existing assets such as C130 aircraft coordinated by the National Ice Center (NIC), ship cruises planned as part of other projects, and springtime ice surveys conducted by other projects and/or by the U.S. Navy north of Alaska. Sponsor: University of Washington, 4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seatlle, WA 98195-9472 Funding Source: Arctic Observing Network (AON) Link to Data: http://psc.apl.washington.edu/UpTempO/Data.php

现有冰基浮标可测量温度剖面，但此类浮标并未针对开阔海域观测进行优化。因此本提案的目标是填补北极观测网络（Arctic Observing Network, AON）观测策略中的这一空白，即测量北冰洋季节性开阔水域夏季增温及后续秋季降温的时间变化历程。
项目负责人将聚焦于海冰消退最显著的区域，即博福特海北部、楚科奇海、东西伯利亚海及拉普捷夫海。研究团队计划每年建造至多10台造价相对低廉的海洋热敏电阻串浮标，部署于北冰洋季节性无冰海域。
本项目中的Arctic-ADOS（自主漂流海洋站）浮标将漂浮于海洋表面，搭载以下设备：（i）海平面气压传感器；（ii）一条长50米、包含11个热敏电阻的探测串；（iii）部分浮标将配备安装于5米深度的高精度电导率/温度传感对，用于热敏电阻的校准。
数据将每2小时记录一次，并通过Argos卫星近乎实时地传输至国际北极浮标项目（International Arctic Buoy Program, IABP）的官方网站。此外，IABP网站还将提供日平均数据与垂直插值后的数据（按1米分层），并将数据提交至两大数据归档机构：合作北极数据与信息服务中心（Cooperative Arctic Data and Information Service, CADIS）与国家海洋数据中心（National Oceanographic Data Center, NODC）。
项目负责人还将与任务导向型机构的科研人员合作，以更好地将海洋表面数据融入其全球产品体系，如海表温度分析产品。实时数据还将通过全球电信系统（Global Telecommunications System, GTS）向业务化社区开放。
浮标部署将依托现有资源，包括由国家冰情中心（National Ice Center, NIC）协调的C130运输机、作为其他项目组成部分规划的船舶巡航任务，以及由其他项目或美国海军在阿拉斯加北部开展的春季冰情调查。
资助方：华盛顿大学，地址：4333 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195-9472
资金来源：北极观测网络（AON）
数据链接：http://psc.apl.washington.edu/UpTempO/Data.php