Data_Sheet_1_Associations between resting state brain activity and A1 adenosine receptor availability in the healthy brain: Effects of acute sleep deprivation.docx

IntroductionPrevious resting-state fMRI (Rs-fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies have shown that sleep deprivation (SD) affects both spontaneous brain activity and A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) availability. Nevertheless, the hypothesis that the neuromodulatory adenosinergic system acts as regulator of the individual neuronal activity remains unexplored.
MethodsTherefore, fourteen young men underwent Rs-fMRI, A1AR PET scans, and neuropsychological tests after 52 h of SD and after 14 h of recovery sleep.
ResultsOur findings suggested higher oscillations or regional homogeneity in multiple temporal and visual cortices, whereas decreased oscillations in cerebellum after sleep loss. At the same time, we found that connectivity strengths increased in sensorimotor areas and decreased in subcortical areas and cerebellum.
DiscussionMoreover, negative correlations between A1AR availability and rs-fMRI metrics of BOLD activity in the left superior/middle temporal gyrus and left postcentral gyrus of the human brain provide new insights into the molecular basis of neuronal responses induced by high homeostatic sleep pressure.

引言
既往静息态功能磁共振成像（resting-state fMRI）与正电子发射断层扫描（PET）研究证实，睡眠剥夺（SD）可同时改变大脑自发活动与腺苷A1受体（A1AR）的可获得性。然而，“神经调节腺苷能系统可作为个体神经元活动的调控因子”这一假说，目前仍未得到探索。

方法
为此，本研究纳入14名年轻男性，分别在52小时睡眠剥夺后以及14小时恢复睡眠后，接受静息态功能磁共振成像、腺苷A1受体PET扫描与神经心理学测评。

结果
研究结果显示，睡眠剥夺后，多个颞叶与视觉皮层的脑振荡活动或区域同质性升高，而小脑的脑振荡活动则出现降低。与此同时，感觉运动皮层的功能连接强度升高，而皮层下区域与小脑的功能连接强度则有所下降。

讨论
此外，人脑左侧颞上/中回与左侧中央后回内的腺苷A1受体可获得性，与该脑区血氧水平依赖（BOLD）活动的静息态功能磁共振成像指标呈负相关，这为高稳态睡眠压力诱导的神经元反应的分子机制提供了新的见解。