Livestock suitability parameters and weights.

Human–Wildlife Conflict (HWC) is an increasing challenge in rapidly changing landscapes, where agricultural expansion, settlement growth, and infrastructure development intersect with critical wildlife corridors. Addressing these conflicts requires spatially explicit methods that can evaluate trade-offs among competing land uses. This study demonstrates the application of the open-source Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (Open-LUCIS), a suitability-based framework that integrates open geospatial data, domain knowledge, and goal-driven land-use modeling. Using Pandamatenga in Botswana’s Chobe District as a case study, we identified areas of potential conflict among agriculture, human settlement, and wildlife conservation. High-conflict zones were concentrated where commercial farms overlap with transboundary wildlife corridors, highlighting the tension between agricultural development and conservation. A sensitivity analysis indicated that existing land use, road accessibility, and development constraints strongly influence conflict dynamics. The application demonstrates a clear pathway for using open-source tools to support HWC studies. By relying on open data and reproducible methods, Open-LUCIS offers a cost-effective and accessible alternative to proprietary software, with direct implications for advancing sustainable land development in regions with limited resources. Given that the dynamics observed in Chobe reflect pressures common across many parts of Africa and beyond, the framework is broadly applicable as a transferable approach for managing land-use conflicts in many rapidly developing, ecologically sensitive frontiers worldwide.

人兽冲突（Human–Wildlife Conflict, HWC）是快速变化景观中日益严峻的挑战，在此类区域，农业扩张、定居点扩张与基础设施建设与关键野生动物廊道相互交织。应对此类冲突需要采用空间显性（spatially explicit）方法，以评估不同土地利用类型间的权衡关系。

本研究展示了开源土地利用冲突识别策略（Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy, Open-LUCIS）的应用场景，该框架基于适宜性分析，整合了开放地理空间数据、领域专业知识与目标导向型土地利用建模方法。本研究以博茨瓦纳乔贝区的潘马滕加（Pandamatenga）为案例区域，识别出农业、人类定居与野生动物保护之间存在潜在冲突的区域。高冲突区域集中分布在商业农场与跨界野生动物廊道重叠的地带，凸显了农业发展与生态保护之间的紧张关系。

敏感性分析结果显示，现有土地利用状况、道路可达性与开发约束条件对冲突动态具有显著影响。本次应用展示了利用开源工具支持人兽冲突研究的清晰路径。依托开放数据与可复现的研究方法，Open-LUCIS为专有软件提供了一种经济高效且易于获取的替代方案，可为资源有限地区推进可持续土地开发提供直接支撑。

鉴于乔贝地区观测到的冲突动态反映了非洲及全球诸多区域共同面临的压力，该框架可作为一种可迁移的方法，广泛应用于全球众多快速发展且生态敏感的前沿区域的土地利用冲突管理工作。