Welfare and Life Management in Rural and Urban Municipalities 2001

The study charted the extent to which regional development differences in Finland affect the material welfare and other well-being of people. The study is a continuation of the research project Kahtiajakautuva Suomi? [Divided Finland?], which began in 2000. The respondents were first asked about their housing and neighbourhood with questions charting housing tenure, type of neighbourhood, distance to municipal centre, and satisfaction with and security of the neighbourhood. The respondents' occupational status, economic activity, type of contract, and spouse's/partner's economic activity were charted. Relating to financial circumstances of the household, the respondents were asked what the gross monthly income of the household was, how much they received in transfer payments per month, whether any member of the household had received social assistance, whether the household had had problems with essential expenses, and how easy or difficult it was for the household to manage with the income. Health was surveyed with questions about self-perceived health status, long-term disabilities and injuries, feelings of happiness and depression, and inpatient treatment received. Relating to relationships and interaction, the respondents were asked whether they had a friend they trusted, what their relationships with their family members were like, whether they felt lonely, to what extent they trusted people in general, and whether certain issues made life more difficult for the household (e.g. alcohol abuse, cheating, unsafety of the neighbourhood). The respondents' hobbies were investigated as well as their relations to neighbours and activity in the neighbourhood. Interest in influencing decision-making was investigated by charting voting behaviour, satisfaction with politicians, and political party choice. The respondents were also asked how long they had lived in their municipality of residence, how many times they had moved to another municipality, and why they had or hadn't moved to another municipality. Opinions on the availability of various municipal services and satisfaction with public transport were surveyed. Views on own future and future of the municipality of residence were investigated by asking, among others, whether the respondents were planning on moving somewhere else and why, whether the current municipality of residence provided satisfactory opportunities, and how the municipality and own situation would develop in the future. Finally, satisfaction with life was charted. Background variables included the respondent's gender, year of birth, marital status, household composition, basic and vocational education, region, and municipality type (urban centres [40], urban areas [14], rural areas close to urban areas [160], rural heartland [145], and sparsely populated rural areas [93]).

本研究系统梳理了芬兰区域发展差异对民众物质福祉及其他福祉维度的影响程度。本研究为2000年启动的研究项目“分裂的芬兰？”（Kahtiajakautuva Suomi?）的延续。调研首先向受访者征询住房与社区相关问题，涵盖住房保有形式（housing tenure）、社区类型、至市政中心的距离，以及社区满意度与居住安全感；同时调研了受访者的职业身份、经济活动状况、用工合同类型，以及配偶/伴侣的经济活动情况。针对家庭经济状况，受访者需回答家庭月度总收入、月度领取的转移支付金额、家庭成员是否领取过社会救助、家庭是否存在必要开支困境，以及家庭依靠收入维持生计的难易程度。健康维度调研涵盖自我感知健康状况、长期残疾与伤病、幸福感与抑郁情绪，以及曾接受的住院治疗情况。人际关系与互动方面，受访者需回答是否拥有可信任的朋友、与家庭成员的关系如何、是否感到孤独、对他人的总体信任程度，以及是否有特定问题给家庭生活造成困扰（例如酗酒、不忠、社区治安不佳等）。调研还覆盖了受访者的业余爱好、邻里关系及社区参与活动。本研究通过调研投票行为、对政客的满意度以及政党选择，考察受访者影响公共决策的意愿。受访者还被问及在当前居住市政区的居住时长、迁移至其他市政区的次数，以及迁移或不迁移的原因。调研内容还包括受访者对各类市政公共服务可及性的看法，以及对公共交通的满意度。针对个人与居住市政区的未来展望，调研问题包括但不限于：受访者是否计划迁往其他地区及原因、当前居住市政区是否提供了满意的发展机会，以及市政区与个人未来的发展态势。最终，调研统计了受访者的生活满意度。背景变量涵盖受访者性别、出生年份、婚姻状况、家庭构成、基础教育与职业教育水平、所属区域，以及市政区类型（城市中心区[40]、城区[14]、临近城区的乡村地区[160]、乡村核心区[145]以及人口稀疏的乡村地区[93]）。