Results of the processed sequencing data.

Bacterial content of mosquitoes has given rise to the development of innovative tools that influence and seek to control malaria transmission. This study identified the bacterial microbiota in field-collected female adults of the Anopheles hyrcanus group and three Anopheles species, Anopheles nivipes, Anopheles philippinensis, and Anopheles vagus, from an endemic area in the southeastern part of Ubon Ratchathani Province, northeastern Thailand, near the Lao PDR-Cambodia-Thailand border. A total of 17 DNA libraries were generated from pooled female Anopheles abdomen samples (10 abdomens/ sample). The mosquito microbiota was characterized through the analysis of DNA sequences from the V3−V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and data were analyzed in QIIME2. A total of 3,442 bacterial ASVs were obtained, revealing differences in the microbiota both within the same species/group and between different species/group. Statistical difference in alpha diversity was observed between An. hyrcanus group and An. vagus and between An. nivipes and An. vagus, and beta diversity analyses showed that the bacterial community of An. vagus was the most dissimilar from other species. The most abundant bacteria belonged to the Proteobacteria phylum (48%-75%) in which Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Pantoea were predominant genera among four Anopheles species/group. However, the most significantly abundant genus observed in each Anopheles species/group was as follows: Staphylococcus in the An. hyrcanus group, Pantoea in the An. nivipes, Rosenbergiella in An. philippinensis, and Pseudomonas in An. vagus. Particularly, Pseudomonas sp. was highly abundant in all Anopheles species except An. nivipes. The present study provides the first study on the microbiota of four potential malaria vectors as a starting step towards understanding the role of the microbiota on mosquito biology and ultimately the development of potential tools for malaria control.蚊虫体内的细菌菌群催生了一批可干预并旨在防控疟疾传播的创新研究工具。本研究针对泰国东北部乌汶叻差他尼省东南部靠近老挝人民民主共和国-柬埔寨-泰国边境的疟疾流行区，对野外采集的赫坎按蚊组（Anopheles hyrcanus group）以及3种按蚊：尼尔森按蚊（Anopheles nivipes）、菲律宾按蚊（Anopheles philippinensis）和沃氏按蚊（Anopheles vagus）的雌性成蚊体内的细菌菌群进行了鉴定。本研究共制备17份DNA文库，每份文库由10只混样的雌性按蚊腹部组织提取得到。通过对16S核糖体RNA（16S rRNA）基因V3-V4可变区的DNA序列进行测序分析，结合QIIME2生物信息学平台对蚊虫菌群进行了表征。本研究共获得3442个细菌扩增子序列变异体（Amplicon Sequence Variants, ASVs），结果显示同种/组按蚊以及不同种/组按蚊之间的菌群结构均存在差异。阿尔法多样性（Alpha diversity）统计分析显示，赫坎按蚊组与沃氏按蚊之间、尼尔森按蚊与沃氏按蚊之间的菌群多样性存在显著差异；贝塔多样性（Beta diversity）分析则表明，沃氏按蚊的细菌菌群与其余3种/组按蚊的菌群相似度最低。在4种/组按蚊中，丰度最高的细菌类群均属于变形菌门（Proteobacteria，48%~75%），其中假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）、沙雷氏菌属（Serratia）和泛菌属（Pantoea）为优势菌属。但不同按蚊种/组的显著优势菌属各有不同：赫坎按蚊组的显著优势菌属为葡萄球菌属（Staphylococcus），尼尔森按蚊为泛菌属（Pantoea），菲律宾按蚊为罗森伯氏菌属（Rosenbergiella），沃氏按蚊则为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）。值得注意的是，除尼尔森按蚊外，假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）在其余3种/组按蚊体内均呈现高丰度特征。本研究首次对4种潜在疟疾传播媒介按蚊的菌群结构开展分析，为解析菌群在蚊虫生物学中的作用、最终开发疟疾防控潜在工具奠定了研究基础。