National Incident-Based Reporting System, 2018: Extract Files

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is a part of the Uniform Crime Reporting Program (UCR), administered by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). NIBRS is an annual data collection that compiles information on criminal incidents and arrests reported by participating law enforcement agencies. NIBRS data as formatted by the FBI are stored as a series of single files organized by various segment levels (record types). There are six main segment levels: administrative, offense, property, victim, offender, and arrestee. Each segment level has a different length and layout. Significant computing resources are necessary to work with the data in its single-file format. In addition, the user must be knowledgeable about working with data in complex file types. The extract files version of the NIBRS files was created to simplify working with NIBRS data. Data management issues with NIBRS are significant, especially when two or more segment levels are being merged. For these reasons and the desire to facilitate the use of NIBRS data, ICPSR created the extract files. The data are not a nationally representative sample of crime in the United States.

国家事件型报告系统（National Incident-Based Reporting System, NIBRS）隶属于统一犯罪报告计划（Uniform Crime Reporting Program, UCR），由美国联邦调查局（Federal Bureau of Investigation, FBI）负责管理。NIBRS是一项年度数据采集项目，汇总参与执法机构上报的刑事事件与逮捕相关信息。经美国联邦调查局格式化后的NIBRS数据，以一系列单一文件形式存储，并按不同分段层级（记录类型）进行组织。主要分段层级共6类，分别为行政段、犯罪行为段、财产段、被害人段、犯罪人段与被捕人段，各类分段层级的文件长度与格式布局均存在差异。处理单一文件格式的NIBRS数据需耗费大量计算资源，此外使用者还需具备复杂文件格式的专业处理知识。为简化NIBRS数据的处理流程，相关人员开发了NIBRS数据提取文件版本。NIBRS的数据管理问题较为突出，尤其在合并两个及以上分段层级的数据时更为明显。出于上述考量并推动NIBRS数据的便捷使用，校际政治与社会研究联合会（Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, ICPSR）开发了该提取文件。该数据集并非美国全国范围内具有代表性的犯罪抽样样本。