Biochar and swine wastewater: Effects on soil fertility of different textures and corn nutrition

ABSTRACT The use of organic waste in agriculture has stimulated the search for technologies that reduce environmental pollution. Among the residues are the biochar and swine wastewater (SW), which incorrectly disposed cause negative impacts, however, when combined, they can enhance agricultural production, due to the synergism between both. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the influence of doses of biochar, from conilon coffee straw, combined or not with swine wastewater diluted to 50% (SW50%), on the nutrient content in medium and clayey texture soils and in the corn plant tissue. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with five doses of biochar, two irrigation waters and two soils, with three repetitions. The pH, P, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Zn+2 and Na+ in the soil and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Na in plant were evaluated. The addition of biochar in doses linearly increased the levels of P and K+ in both soil textures, with synergy when irrigated with SW50%. The SW50% provided a nutrients increase in the corn plant tissue. The agricultural use of biochar from conilon coffee straw was important to increase the content of P and, mainly, K in the aerial part of corn.

摘要 农业领域对有机废弃物的资源化利用，推动了各类可降低环境污染的技术研发。此类废弃物包括生物炭（biochar）与猪粪废水（swine wastewater, SW），若随意处置会产生负面影响，但二者复配后可通过协同效应提升农业生产效益。有鉴于此，本研究旨在评估科尼隆咖啡秸秆制备的生物炭施用量，以及是否配施50%稀释猪粪废水（SW50%），对中壤质与黏壤质土壤及玉米植株组织内养分含量的影响。本试验于温室中开展，设置5个生物炭施用量梯度、2种灌溉水类型、2种土壤类型，每组处理重复3次。测定指标包括土壤pH值、有效磷（P）、钾离子（K+）、钙离子（Ca²+）、镁离子（Mg²+）、锌离子（Zn²+）与钠离子（Na+），以及植株体内的氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）、镁（Mg）、锌（Zn）与钠（Na）含量。生物炭施用量的提升可线性提高两种质地土壤中的有效磷与钾离子水平，且配施SW50%时可产生协同增效作用。SW50%灌溉处理可提升玉米植株组织内的养分含量。利用科尼隆咖啡秸秆制备生物炭应用于农业生产，可有效提升玉米地上部分的磷含量，尤以钾含量的提升效果更为显著。