Associations between health culture, health behaviors, and health-related outcomes: A cross-sectional study

Background
To examine the associations between demographic characteristics, health behaviors, workplace health culture, and health-related outcomes in Chinese workplaces.
Methods
A total of 1508 employees from 10 administrative offices and 6 enterprises were recruited for a cross-sectional survey. Self-administered questionnaires mainly addressed demographic characteristics, health behaviors, workplace health culture, and health-related outcomes including self-rated health, mental health, and happiness.
Results
The proportion of participants who reported good health-related outcomes was significantly higher in those working in administrative offices than those working in enterprises. The result of the potential factors related to self-rated health (SRH), mental health, and happiness by logistic regression analyses showed that age and income were associated with SRH; type of workplace, age, smoking, and health culture at the workplace level were associated with mental health; and beneficial health effects of direct leadership was positively associated with happiness. Moreover, there were some similar results among 3 multivariate regression models. Firstly, good SRH (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.744), mental health (OR = 1.891), and happiness (OR = 1.736) were more common among highly physically active participants compared with those physical inactive. Furthermore, passive smoking was negatively correlated with SRH (OR = 0.686), mental health (OR = 0.678), and happiness (OR = 0.616), while health culture at the individual level was positively correlated with SRH (OR = 1.478), mental health (OR = 1.654), and happiness (OR = 2.916).
Conclusions
The present study indicated that workplace health culture, health behaviors, and demographic characteristics were associated with health-related outcomes. Furthermore, individual health culture, physical activity, and passive smoking might play a critical role in workplace health promotion.

研究背景：旨在探讨中国职场场景中人口统计学特征、健康行为、职场健康文化与健康相关结局之间的关联。
研究方法：本研究通过横断面调查，招募了来自10个行政机关与6家企业的共计1508名员工。研究采用自填式问卷，主要调研内容涵盖人口统计学特征、健康行为、职场健康文化，以及包括自评健康（self-rated health, SRH）、心理健康与幸福感在内的健康相关结局指标。
研究结果：报告拥有良好健康相关结局的参与者比例，在行政机关就职者中显著高于企业就职者。通过logistic回归分析探索与SRH、心理健康及幸福感相关的潜在影响因素结果显示：年龄与收入与SRH存在关联；职场类型、年龄、吸烟行为及职场层面健康文化与心理健康存在关联；直属领导的有益健康效应与幸福感呈正相关。此外，三项多变量回归模型得到了部分一致的结果：其一，与身体活动不足的参与者相比，高身体活动水平参与者的良好SRH（比值比（Odds Ratio, OR）=1.744）、良好心理健康（OR=1.891）及较高幸福感（OR=1.736）占比更高。进一步分析显示，被动吸烟与SRH（OR=0.686）、心理健康（OR=0.678）及幸福感（OR=0.616）呈负相关；而个体层面健康文化则与SRH（OR=1.478）、心理健康（OR=1.654）及幸福感（OR=2.916）呈正相关。
研究结论：本研究表明，职场健康文化、健康行为与人口统计学特征均与健康相关结局存在关联。此外，个体层面健康文化、身体活动及被动吸烟可能在职场健康促进中发挥关键作用。