Bovine urinary bladder washing with enzootic hematuria: standardization of harvesting technique, sample collection and cytopathological evaluation

ABSTRACT The bovine enzootic hematuria is a chronic disease that causes tumors in the bladder, and the cytophatologic test could assist in the early diagnosis. Aimed to standardize the technique of harvesting, obtaining samples and cytophatologic evaluation of bovine urinary bladder washing with bovine enzootic hematuria, 10 adult cows were divided into two groups: A (all the liquid infused in the bladder was recovered) and B (only the latter liquid was recovered). Liquids recovered were subjected to cytophatological evaluation. It was observed that the final volume of bladder liquid was higher in group A, however, in relation to the number of cells, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between groups. The amount of inflammatory cells and epithelial cells obtained per sample revealed that in both groups all animals had more inflammatory cells than epithelial cells, however, there was no difference between the type of washing done. The epithelial cells were found in 60% of cases, the alterations observed were discretes and it was not possible to classify any sample as hyperplastic or neoplastic. Data from this study showed that the cytophatological examination of bovine urinary bladder washing may aid in the diagnosis of bovine enzootic hematuria and the two harvesting methods employed were adequate for obtaining viable samples. Cytopathological evaluation allowed the identification of non-neoplastic lesions predominantly inflammatory. It is believed that the use of molecular markers in cytological samples is important for early detection of pre-neoplastic or neoplastic lesions in these animals.

摘要 牛地方性血尿症（bovine enzootic hematuria）是一种可引发膀胱肿瘤的慢性疾病，细胞病理学检查（cytopathological test）可辅助其早期诊断。为规范牛地方性血尿症患牛膀胱冲洗液（bovine urinary bladder washing）的采集、样本获取及细胞病理学评估技术，本研究将10头成年母牛分为两组：A组（回收所有注入膀胱的冲洗液）与B组（仅回收后续注入的冲洗液），对回收的冲洗液进行细胞病理学评估。结果显示，A组的膀胱冲洗液最终采集体积更高，但两组间的细胞数量无显著差异（p>0.05）。对每一样本获得的炎症细胞与上皮细胞数量分析表明，两组所有动物的炎症细胞数量均多于上皮细胞，但不同冲洗方式之间未观察到显著差异。上皮细胞的检出率为60%，观察到的细胞改变均为轻微病变，无法将任何样本归类为增生性或肿瘤性病变。本研究数据表明，牛膀胱冲洗液的细胞病理学检查可辅助诊断牛地方性血尿症，所采用的两种采集方法均足以获取有效样本；细胞病理学评估主要识别出以炎症反应为主的非肿瘤性病变。本研究认为，在细胞学样本中应用分子标记物，对于早期检测这些动物的癌前病变或肿瘤性病变具有重要价值。