Technological Perspectives and Economic Aspects of Green Hydrogen in the Energetic Transition: Challenges for Chemistry

Green hydrogen is a fuel capable of promoting sustainable energy development and is gaining attention in the current global energy transition framework. The global shift toward decarbonization has triggered a substantial boost in the hydrogen industry. This study presents an overview of the current status of hydrogen production, regulation of the green hydrogen segment, hydrogen storage, distribution, and transportation, and final use and application. We also critically discuss the viability of adopting green hydrogen in terms of possible economic and environmental impacts as well as the main challenges and opportunities it represents for the Chemical Sciences.

绿氢（green hydrogen）是一种可推动可持续能源发展的燃料，在当前全球能源转型框架中愈发受到关注。全球范围内的脱碳转型浪潮，推动氢能产业实现了大幅增长。本研究综述了氢能制备、绿氢细分领域的监管规范、氢能储存、分销与运输，以及最终应用场景的当前发展现状。此外，本研究还从潜在经济与环境影响维度，批判性探讨了绿氢应用的可行性，并剖析了其在化学科学领域所面临的主要挑战与发展机遇。