Research Data for "Two for one: Semi-crystalline and amorphous multi-material structures from greyscale printing"

Context and methodology

This dataset was created from original work conducted in the framework of a PhD project. It provides the raw data of results presented and discussed therein.

Technical details

Compound abbreviations in the files included herein adhere to the naming in the related publication referenced in the Related Works section, where all compounds are described in detail and drawn as structural formulas. In brief:BPLC: 1,1′-[1,1′-Biphenyl]-4,4′-diyl di-10-undecenoateCHTT: 1,2,4-cyclohexanetriethanethiol

Compound preparation: All bulk-cured samples and 3D printed samples were cured from formulations consisting of equimolar reactive end groups of BPLC and CHTT. They were cured with 1 mol% (based on terminal double bonds) of photoinitiator (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (TPO). 0.2 wt% pyrogallol were utilized as inhibitor. Detailed discussion of experimental procedures are reported in the publication.

The compressed folder "Raw Data.zip" contains the following:

Text file 'Readme.txt': Text file containing the technical details how the dataset can be used, and which is additionally listed here.

Microsoft Excel file 'Raw Data.xlsx': Tab 1: Raw data obtained via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of the monomer BPLC and bulk cured and 3D printed polymer samplesTab 2: Raw data obtained via dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of bulk cured and 3D printed polymer samplesTab 3: Raw data obtained via tensile tests of bulk cured and 3D printed polymer samplesTab 4: Raw data obtained via shape memory tests of a bulk cured polymer sampleTab 5: Raw data obtained via FTIR-VIS-spectroscopy of 3D printed polymer samplesTab 6: Raw data obtained via Density measurements of 3D printed polymer samples and the uncured formulation via the Archimedes methodTab 7: Raw data obtained via Real time photorheology measurementsTab 8: Raw data obtained via Curing depth measurements on the 3D printerTab 9: Raw data obtained via Melt rheology stability tests of the formulationTab 10: Raw data obtained via swelling study of 3D printed polymer samplesTab 11: Raw data obtained via temperature measurements of the heating and cooling cycle of a multimaterial print of one layerTab 12: Raw data obtained via Attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR) of the uncured formulation and 3D printed polymer samples before and after post-curing

The “3D prints additional data” folder contains two sub-folders:

1. "Mesh Files": STL files for all mono-material printed parts•    TensileTest•    DMA•    Chip•    Pyramid

2. "Voxel slices" for voxel-based models of all multi-material printed parts:For the multi-material parts, where voxel-based models were used, the slices that were used to compound the printed parts are included in png format. There is currently no known standard when it comes to encoding multi-material models for light-based 3D printing (vat photopolymerization). Since we used a digital light processing (DLP) light engine with a resolution of 1920 x 1080 pixel, all images required for the light engine have to be in that format. In our voxel-based modelling environment, models can be stored as a set of images in png-format, where each image represents one printed layer. Each image is processed in the printing process as follows: If the original png image has colour information or a bit depth greater than 8, the image gets converted to a grayscale image with bit depth of 8 (which allows 28 possible values, ranging from black to white).  Each pixel is then interpreted:•    Black pixel (value: 0): Nothing is printed•    Grey pixel (value in range 1 – 254): Printed with the crystalline property•    White pixel (value: 255):  Printed with the amorphous propertyList of folders containing the voxel slices in png-format for each of the printed multi-material objects:•    "5LayerTensileTest"•    "QrCodeHidden"•    "QrCodeRegular"•    "ShapeMemoryCubeFaces"•    "Skelett"•    "WarningSign"•    "TensileTestCrossSection"

The folder "3D Printing Code" contains code for the print job programming for all types of 3D printing processes performed in the related publication. A separate readme file ("readme_printjobs.txt") is included in the zip-file for further information on how to use the provided scripts.The used python version is 3.10 and for numpy version 1.24.2 was used. The codes are therefore well-tested for these versions.The Printer-Interface in this folder (PrinterInterface.pyi) is sufficient to understand the concept and to program the printer. To make the files executable for the printer. During the code application, the import of the interface file is replaced with a concrete implementation for the used 3D printing hardware. Therefore, the code files are mainly there to demonstrate how the specific print process demonstrated in the preprint works. To reuse the code for one's own specific 3D-printer, one's own, specific implementation for the respective 3D printing hardware must be used.

The mp4 file "SupplementaryVideo_MultimaterialPrinting_GöschlLaaEtAl" has also been included in the raw data collection, displaying the heating of the multi-layer printed QR-Code, thereby deleting crystallinity in the top cover layer and revealing the QR code underneath, which is isolated from the heat via several amorphous printed layers. A detailed description of the experiment can be found in the manuscript referenced below.

背景与研究方法
本数据集源自一项博士研究项目框架下开展的原创研究工作，涵盖该项目中所呈现与讨论的各类结果的原始数据。

技术细节
本文档所包含文件中的化合物缩写均遵循"相关文献"章节中引用的已发表文献的命名规则，该文献对所有化合物均进行了详细描述并给出了结构式。简言之：
BPLC：1,1′-[1,1′-联苯]-4,4′-二基二-10-十一烯酸酯；CHTT：1,2,4-环己烷三乙硫醇

化合物制备：所有本体固化样品与3D打印样品均由BPLC与CHTT的等摩尔反应性端基配方固化得到，固化时添加占末端双键摩尔量1 mol%的光引发剂(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)膦氧化物（TPO），并以0.2 wt%的焦性没食子酸作为阻聚剂。实验流程的详细讨论已见前述发表文献。

压缩文件夹"Raw Data.zip"包含以下内容：
- 文本文件"Readme.txt"：包含本数据集的使用方法等技术细节，本文档亦对其进行了罗列。
- Microsoft Excel文件"Raw Data.xlsx"：
工作表1：单体BPLC以及本体固化、3D打印聚合物样品的差示扫描量热法（differential scanning calorimetry, DSC）原始数据
工作表2：本体固化与3D打印聚合物样品的动态力学分析（dynamic mechanical analysis, DMA）原始数据
工作表3：本体固化与3D打印聚合物样品的拉伸试验原始数据
工作表4：单一本体固化聚合物样品的形状记忆试验原始数据
工作表5：3D打印聚合物样品的傅里叶变换红外-可见光谱（FTIR-VIS-spectroscopy）原始数据

"3D打印附加数据"文件夹包含两个子文件夹：
1. "Mesh Files"（网格文件）：涵盖所有单材料打印部件的STL文件，包含以下样件：TensileTest、DMA、Chip、Pyramid
2. "Voxel slices"（体素切片文件）：用于所有多材料打印部件的基于体素的模型。对于采用体素模型的多材料部件，用于合成打印件的切片文件以PNG格式提供。
目前针对基于光固化的3D打印（vat photopolymerization, VP）的多材料模型编码尚无通用标准。本研究使用的数字光处理（digital light processing, DLP）光引擎分辨率为1920×1080像素，因此光引擎所需的所有图像均需符合该分辨率规格。在本研究使用的体素建模环境中，模型可存储为一组PNG格式图像，每张图像对应一个打印层。打印过程中对每张图像的处理规则如下：若原始PNG图像包含色彩信息或位深超过8位，则将其转换为8位灰度图像（可呈现2^8种从黑到白的灰度值）。随后对每个像素进行解析：
- 黑色像素（数值：0）：不进行打印
- 灰色像素（数值范围：1~254）：以晶态属性进行打印
- 白色像素（数值：255）：以非晶态属性进行打印
以下为各多材料打印对象的PNG格式体素切片文件夹列表：
"5LayerTensileTest"、"QrCodeHidden"、"QrCodeRegular"、"ShapeMemoryCubeFaces"、"Skelett"、"WarningSign"、"TensileTestCrossSection"