ADL/IADL items in CHARLS.

It is important to measure the prevalence and onset of limitations for older adults to take critical day-to-day activities in the population. However, too often, only very older people are covered, and too few activities are included in the studies. Using a nationally representative sample from 2011 to 2018 (N = 16, 381), this study characterizes the limitation pattern covering ADL and IADL activities among middle-aged and older adults in China. We use survival models to characterize the limitation transition. We find that half of the population become limited in activities including housekeeping, toileting, managing money, and cooking in their early 70s, followed by shopping, bathing, transferring and dressing in their late 70s, continence, and taking medications in their early 80s, and feeding in their early 90s. In addition, women show significantly younger age of limitation onsets for all activities except continence.精准测算人群中老年群体完成关键日常活动的功能受限发生率与发病时点，具有重要研究价值。然而现有研究往往仅覆盖高龄群体，且纳入的活动类型极为有限。本研究采用2011至2018年的全国代表性样本（N=16381），针对中国中老年群体的日常生活活动能力（Activities of Daily Living, ADL）与工具性日常活动能力（Instrumental Activities of Daily Living, IADL）受限模式展开刻画，并通过生存模型对功能受限的发生转归进行分析。研究结果显示，人群中有半数个体在70岁出头时即出现家务打理、如厕、理财及烹饪相关的功能受限；70岁中后期则相继出现购物、沐浴、体位转移及穿衣受限；80岁出头时出现排尿排便节制能力与服药相关受限，而90岁出头时则出现进食受限。此外，除排尿排便节制能力外，女性所有类型活动受限的发病年龄均显著早于男性。