Data Collected in Support of the Longshore Water-Current Velocity and the Potential for Transport of Contaminants pilot study in Lake Erie

This data release supports the following publication:
Hittle, Elizabeth, 2017, Longshore Water-Current Velocity and the Potential for Transport of Contaminants: A Pilot Study in Lake Erie from Walnut Creek to Presque Isle State Park beaches, Erie, Pennsylvania, June and August 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2016–1206 126 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161206
Data were collected in Lake Erie between Walnut Creek and Presque Isle State Park (PSIP) Beach 1 in June and August 2015 to support a pilot study looking at water-current velocity and the potential for contaminant transport within that area. Water-current velocity transects were collected on June 24, 25, August 18 and 19 with a Teledyne Rio Grande 1200 kHz acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP). The data were processed within the Velocity Mapping Toolbox (Parsons and others., 2013) and visualized within ArcMap.
Water quality was measured on select transects by sampling water temperature, specific conductance, and turbidity from collection points at approximately 10 verticals along the transect on June 24 and June 25. Measurements were collected with a YSI EXO water quality meter.
Near-shore water quality was measured by collecting grab samples from shore on June 24, August 11, and August 19. Temperature was measured on site, and from the grab samples, turbidity and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria concentration was measured. Water-quality grab samples were collected about a meter from shore and coincide with the 25 longshore water-current velocity transects as closely as conditions would allow. Samples were collected by Erie County Department of Health (ECDH) employees and Regional Science Consortium (RSC) interns. The nearshore water-quality samples were collected using grab-sample techniques described in Myers and others (2007). To maintain sterile conditions, grab samples were collected in at least 1 meter of water at approximately 0.3 meters below the water surface, being careful not to stir up bottom sediments. Water samples for bacteria analysis were collected in pre-sterilized 500-mL polypropylene bottles, allowing about 2 inches of head space for proper mixing, and were kept on ice prior to processing. Bacteria samples were analyzed for Escherichia coli (E. coli) using modified mTEC membrane-filtration techniques (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2002) and were processed by RSC staff in the RSC laboratory within 6 hours of sample collection.
On June 24 and August 11 an additional sample was collected near-shore for suspended sediment analysis. Samples were collected in pre-tared 1000-mL polypropylene bottles by tilting the bottle at about a 45 degree angle away from the sampler and quickly moving it from just under the surface (where the bottle was uncapped) to just above the streambed and back in a smooth vertical motion to get as close to a depth-integrated, single-vertical grab sample as possible (Edwards and Glysson, 1999). There is no need to chill bottles for sediment analysis. Sediment samples were prepared for shipping and sent to the USGS sediment laboratory at the USGS Kentucky Water Science Center where they were analyzed for total suspended sediment concentration, sand/fine break (percent of sediment less than 4 mm), and fine components including percent fines less than 2 mm, 1mm, 0.5 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.125 mm, and <0.0625mm.
Edwards, T.K., and Glysson, G.D., 1999, Field methods for measurement of fluvial sediment: Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U.S. Geological Survey, book 3, chap. C2, 89 p
Myers, D.N., Stoeckel, D.M., Bushon, R.N., Francy, D.S., and Brady, A.M.G., 2007, Fecal indicator bacteria: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, book 9, chap. A7, section 7.1 (version 2.0), available from http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A/.
Parsons, D.R., Jackson, P.R., Czuba, J.A., Oberg, K.A., Mueller, D.S., Rhoads, B., Best, J.L., Johnson, K.K., Engel, F., and Riley, J. (2013) Velocity Mapping Toolbox (VMT): a processing and visualization suite for moving-vessel ADCP measurements, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. doi: 10.1002/esp.3367.
US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 2009, Method 1603: Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Water by Membrane Filtration Using Modified membrane-Thermotolerant Escherichia coli Agar (Modified mTEC), EPA-821-R-09-007, December 2009

本数据集发布配套支持以下学术出版物：
Hittle, Elizabeth, 2017, 沿岸水流速度与污染物迁移潜力：2015年6月至8月宾夕法尼亚州伊利市胡桃溪至普雷斯克岛州立公园海滩伊利湖试点研究：美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey）开放文件报告2016–1206，共126页，https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161206

本数据集于2015年6月和8月在伊利湖胡桃溪（Walnut Creek）至普雷斯克岛州立公园（Presque Isle State Park，简称PSIP）1号海滩区域采集，用于支撑一项针对该区域内水流速度及污染物迁移潜力的试点研究。2015年6月24、25日及8月18、19日，采用泰莱达因里奥格兰德（Teledyne Rio Grande）1200 kHz声学多普勒流速剖面仪（acoustic Doppler current profiler，ADCP）采集了沿岸水流速度断面数据。数据集使用《流速制图工具箱》（Velocity Mapping Toolbox，Parsons等，2013）进行处理，并通过ArcMap完成可视化。

2015年6月24日和25日，在选定的断面沿垂向约10个采集点取样，测定水温、比电导率和浊度，以获取断面水质数据。测量工作采用YSI EXO水质分析仪完成。

2015年6月24日、8月11日及8月19日，通过岸边采集瞬时水样开展近岸水质监测：现场测定水温，对水样测定浊度与大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli，E. coli）浓度。水质瞬时水样在距岸约1米处采集，在条件允许的前提下尽可能匹配25条沿岸水流速度断面的位置。水样由伊利县卫生部门（Erie County Department of Health，ECDH）工作人员与区域科学联盟（Regional Science Consortium，RSC）实习生采集。

近岸水质水样的采集采用Myers等（2007）描述的瞬时采样技术。为保证无菌条件，采样需在水深至少1米、水面下约0.3米处进行，注意避免搅起底泥。用于细菌分析的水样采集于预先灭菌的500 mL聚丙烯瓶中，预留约2英寸顶空以保证充分混合，并在处理前全程置于冰上保存。大肠杆菌（E. coli）分析采用改良mTEC膜过滤技术（美国环境保护署，2002），由RSC实验室工作人员在采样后6小时内完成检测。

2015年6月24日及8月11日，额外采集近岸水样用于悬浮沉积物分析。水样采集于预先称重的1000 mL聚丙烯瓶中：将瓶子以约45度角背离采样者倾斜，在开盖后迅速将瓶子从水面下移动至河床上方，再以平稳的垂直运动收回，尽可能获取接近深度积分的单垂向瞬时水样（Edwards和Glysson，1999）。沉积物分析无需冷藏样品。沉积物样品制备后送往美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey，USGS）肯塔基水科学中心沉积物实验室，检测指标包括总悬浮沉积物浓度、砂/细粒分界（粒径小于4 mm的沉积物占比），以及细粒组分占比：粒径小于2 mm、1 mm、0.5 mm、0.25 mm、0.125 mm及<0.0625 mm的沉积物占比。

Edwards, T.K.与Glysson, G.D., 1999, 河流沉积物测量野外方法：美国地质调查局水资源调查技术手册，第3卷，C2章，共89页
Myers, D.N.、Stoeckel, D.M.、Bushon, R.N.、Francy, D.S.与Brady, A.M.G., 2007, 粪便指示菌：美国地质调查局水资源调查技术手册，第9卷，A7章，7.1节（2.0版），可从http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/twri9A/获取
Parsons, D.R.等, 2013, 《流速制图工具箱（VMT）：移动载体ADCP测量数据处理与可视化套件》, 《地球表面过程与地貌》, doi: 10.1002/esp.3367
美国环境保护署（USEPA）, 2009, 方法1603：采用改良膜耐热大肠杆菌琼脂（改良mTEC）膜过滤法检测水中大肠杆菌（E. coli）, EPA-821-R-09-007, 2009年12月