English Housing Survey, 2014: Housing Stock Data: Special Licence Access

The <i>English Housing Survey</i> (EHS) is a continuous national survey commissioned by the Department for Communities and Local Government (DCLG) that collects information about people's housing circumstances and the condition and energy efficiency of housing in England. The EHS brings together two previous survey series into a single fieldwork operation: the <i>English House Condition Survey</i> (EHCS) (available from the UK Data Archive under GN 33158) and the <i>Survey of English Housing</i> (SEH) (available under GN 33277). The EHS covers all housing tenures and provides valuable information and evidence to inform the development and monitoring of the department's housing policies. Results from the survey are also used by a wide range of other users including other government departments, local authorities, housing associations, landlords, academics, construction industry professionals, consultants, and the general public. <br>
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The EHS has a complex multi-stage methodology consisting of two main elements; an initial interview survey of around 14,000 households and a follow-up physical inspection. Some further elements are also periodically included in or derived from the EHS: for 2008 and 2009, a desk-based market valuation was conducted of a sub-sample of 8,000 dwellings (including vacant ones), but this was not carried out from 2010 onwards. A periodic follow-up survey of private landlords and agents (the <i>Private Landlords Survey</i> (PLS)) is conducted using information from the EHS interview survey. Fuel Poverty datasets are also available from 2003, created by the Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC).<br>
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The EHS interview survey sample formed part of the Integrated Household Survey (IHS) (available from the Archive under GN 33420) from April 2008 to April 2011. During this period the core questions from the IHS formed part of the EHS questionnaire. <br>
<br><i>Safeguarded and Special Licence Versions:</i><br>From 2014 data onwards, the Safeguarded versions (previously known as End User Licence (EUL)) of the EHS will only include derived variables. In addition the number of variables on the new EUL datasets has been reduced and disclosure control increased on certain remaining variables. New Special Licence versions of the EHS will be deposited later in the year, which will be of a similar nature to previous EHS EUL datasets and will include derived and raw datasets.<br>
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Further information about the EHS and the latest news, reports and tables can be found on the GOV.UK <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/english-housing-survey" title="English Housing Survey (EHS)" target="_blank">English Housing Survey </a> web pages.<br>
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<p>The <i>English Housing Survey, 2014: Housing Stock Data: Special Licence Access</i> is available for all cases where a physical survey has been completed. For occupied cases the data comprises information from the household interview and from the physical survey. For vacant properties only, data from the physical survey are provided. The Special Licence version includes raw interview and physical datasets and derived data, whereas the EUL version (SN 8010) only includes derived variables. Users are advised to obtain SN 8010 to see whether it is suitable for their needs before making an application for the Special Licence version.<br>
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The data are made available for a two-year rolling sample i.e. approximately 12,000 cases together with the appropriate two-year weights. For example, the EHS Housing Stock results presented here are for 2014, but cover the period April 2013 to March 2015. This means that if you use more than one housing stock dataset, you must use either odd or even years. For example, you need to use the Housing Stock Dataset for '2012' and '2014' or '2013' and '2015', but not the dataset for '2014' and '2013' as you would double-count the cases surveyed between April 2013 and March 2014. The Housing Stock dataset should be used for any analysis requiring information relating to the physical characteristics and energy efficiency of the housing stock. Derived datasets provide key analytical variables compiled post-fieldwork including energy efficiency ratings, decent home indicators and equivalised income.<br>
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Users who only require data from the household interview should use the <i>English Housing Survey, 2014-2015: Household Data</i> EUL or Special Licence versions (SNs 8009 and 8067 respectively).<br>
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<b>Latest Edition Information</b><br>
For the third edition (March 2017), the physical data file has been updated; cavity wall insulation variables wallinsy and wins90x have been replaced and new cavity wall insulation variable wins95x added.
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<p>For the fourth edition (March 2020), the Market Value Survey (MVS) data have been added in a new file MVS_SL.sav. This file contains the additional market value variables (<span>valout, valwith) and grosing factors to be used with these variables (</span><font color="#000000">aagpd1314_mvs, aagph1314_mvs). Full details on using MVS data are now provided in the accompanying documentation (8068_mvs_technical_report_2015.pdf, 8068_user_guide_mvs_sl.pdf).</font></p>
<p><u>Further information:</u> In compliance with Building Regulations, an increasing proportion of dwellings built in 1991 or after with cavity walls had cavity wall insulation fitted at the time of construction (known as ’as built' insulation), although compliance could also be achieved through other techniques. The non-intrusive survey undertaken in the EHS would not always be able to identify as built insulation (though the surveyor might have found out from the occupant), so dwellings built in 1991 or after with cavity walls with no evidence of insulation in the survey have been assumed to be insulated. The category 'cavity walls with evidence of insulation' includes both dwellings with evidence of cavity wall insulation (e.g. drill holes or information from occupants) and those built in 2003 or after. A separate category identifies cavity walled dwellings built in 1991 or after where no evidence of cavity wall insulation was seen by the surveyors and where no assumptions have been made based on the construction date. This category therefore includes dwellings built in 1991 or after up to and including in 2002, with no evidence of CWI from the physical survey. In the original 2014-15 data the assumption had been changed from ‘2003 or after’ to properties built in ‘1996 or after’ (in alignment with rdSAP assumptions), but to preserve the time series, the EHS team have reverted back to the original assumption, hence the variable replacement. For this year’s Headline Report a new variable for cavity wall insulation was introduced (wins95x – this has been added to EHS physical files from 2007/8 (SN 6612) onwards). From the submission of the 2015 data wins95x will replace wins90x.<br>
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《英格兰住房调查》（English Housing Survey, EHS）是由英国社区与地方政府部（Department for Communities and Local Government, DCLG）委托开展的持续性全国性调查，旨在收集英格兰地区民众住房状况、住房条件与能源效率相关信息。EHS将此前两项独立的调查系列整合为统一的实地调查项目：分别为《英格兰住房状况调查》（English House Condition Survey, EHCS，可通过英国数据档案馆UK Data Archive以GN 33158编号获取）与《英格兰住房调查》（Survey of English Housing, SEH，可通过GN 33277编号获取）。EHS覆盖所有住房保有类型，可为该部门住房政策的制定与监测提供宝贵的信息与实证支撑，同时其调查结果也被广泛应用于其他各类主体，包括其他政府部门、地方当局、住房协会、房东、学者、建筑行业专业人士、咨询机构以及普通公众。

EHS采用复杂的多阶段调查方法，包含两大核心模块：一是针对约14000户家庭的初步访谈调查，二是后续的实地物理检测。此外，EHS还会定期新增或衍生出其他调查模块：2008年与2009年，项目针对8000套住宅（含空置住宅）的子样本开展了桌面市场估值调查，但该模块自2010年起不再实施。基于EHS访谈调查的信息，项目还会定期开展针对私人房东与中介的跟进调查——《私人房东调查》（Private Landlords Survey, PLS）。自2003年起，英国能源与气候变化部（Department for Energy and Climate Change, DECC）还基于EHS数据推出了燃料贫困数据集。

2008年4月至2011年4月期间，EHS访谈调查的样本纳入了综合家庭调查（Integrated Household Survey, IHS，可通过英国数据档案馆以GN 33420编号获取）的样本池，此阶段EHS问卷纳入了IHS的核心问题。

**最终用户许可与特殊许可版本：**
自2014年起的数据集版本中，EHS的最终用户许可（End User Licence, EUL）版本仅包含衍生变量。同时，自此日期起，EUL数据集的变量数量有所缩减，部分剩余变量也强化了披露控制措施。新增的特殊许可版本EHS数据集对访问设置了更为严格的条件，其性质与2014年之前的EUL数据集类似，同时包含衍生数据集与原始数据集。

更多关于EHS的信息、最新动态、研究报告与统计表格可访问GOV.UK网站上的《英格兰住房调查》专题页面：<a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/english-housing-survey" title="English Housing Survey (EHS)" target="_blank">English Housing Survey</a>。

《2014年英格兰住房调查：住房存量数据·特殊许可访问版》适用于所有完成实地物理检测的样本。对于已入住的样本，数据集包含家庭访谈与实地检测的双重信息；仅针对空置房产，则仅提供实地检测相关数据。特殊许可版本包含原始访谈与实地检测数据集以及衍生数据，而EUL版本（SN 8010）仅包含衍生变量。建议用户在申请特殊许可版本前，先获取SN 8010版本以确认其是否符合自身研究需求。

该数据集采用两年滚动抽样方案，即包含约12000个样本以及对应的两年期权重变量。例如，本次展示的2014年EHS住房存量调查结果，覆盖的时间段为2013年4月至2015年3月。这意味着若同时使用多份住房存量数据集，必须仅选取奇数年或仅选取偶数年份的数据集。例如，可使用“2012年”与“2014年”的住房存量数据集，或“2013年”与“2015年”的数据集，但不可同时使用“2014年”与“2013年”的数据集，否则会对2013年4月至2014年3月期间受访的样本造成重复计数。住房存量数据集适用于所有需要涉及住房存量物理特征与能源效率信息的分析。衍生数据集则包含实地调查完成后编制的关键分析变量，例如能源效率评级、合格住房指标以及等价可支配收入。

仅需要家庭访谈数据的用户，可使用《2014-2015年英格兰住房调查：家庭数据》的EUL版本或特殊许可版本（对应的序列号分别为SN 8009与SN 8067）。

**最新版本信息**
2017年3月发布的第三版更新了物理数据文件：空腔墙保温相关变量wallinsy与wins90x已被替换，同时新增了空腔墙保温变量wins95x。

2020年3月发布的第四版新增了市场价值调查（Market Value Survey, MVS）数据，存储于新文件MVS_SL.sav中。该文件包含额外的市场价值变量（valout、valwith）以及用于配合这些变量的权重因子（aagpd1314_mvs、aagph1314_mvs）。关于MVS数据的使用细节，现已在配套文档（8068_mvs_technical_report_2015.pdf、8068_user_guide_mvs_sl.pdf）中完整公布。

**补充信息**
根据英国《建筑法规》，1991年及以后建造的带空腔墙的住宅中，越来越多的比例在建造时即安装了空腔墙保温（即“竣工即保温”），不过合规也可通过其他技术手段实现。EHS开展的非侵入式调查未必总能识别出竣工即保温的情况（尽管调查人员可能通过住户获知相关信息），因此对于1991年及以后建造的带空腔墙且调查中未发现保温痕迹的住宅，项目默认其已安装空腔墙保温。“带有保温痕迹的空腔墙”类别既包含有明确空腔墙保温证据（例如钻孔痕迹或住户提供的信息）的住宅，也包含2003年及以后建造的住宅。另有一个单独类别用于标识1991年及以后建造的带空腔墙住宅：调查人员未发现任何空腔墙保温痕迹，且未基于建造日期作出任何默认假设。该类别涵盖1991年至2002年（含2002年）建造、且实地调查未发现空腔墙保温痕迹的住宅。在2014-2015年的原始数据中，默认假设的阈值已从“2003年及以后”调整为“1996年及以后”（与rdSAP的默认假设保持一致），但为了保留时间序列的一致性，EHS团队已恢复至最初的默认假设，因此需要对相关变量进行替换。本年度的《概要报告》新增了一项空腔墙保温变量wins95x——该变量自2007/2008财年（SN 6612）起已被加入EHS物理数据文件中。自2015年数据集提交起，wins95x将取代wins90x。