Child Mortality Data Source and GPR Results

There are three types of data that include the summary and complete birth history data. Census data, the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) and the ARJ project (Iranian population growth rate measurement) contain SBH questions only; the DHS contains CBH questions as well. Subsequently, the census data of 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2011, the DHS data of 2000 and 2010, and those of the ARJ project in 1999 were determined as the sources of data.

1. Census
The first and last ‘National Population and Housing Census’ in Iran took place in 1956 and 2011, respectively. As per the 4th Article of Iran’s Statistics Center, this census is to be performed every five years upon the President’s order. The next National Population and Housing Census in Iran takes place in 2016.
The main goal of this census is to collect statistics and data from all over the country to identify demographic and housing characteristics. The latter is used to process data required for social development, economic and cultural planning, and also to prepare grounds for appropriate frameworks for statistical investigations.
The census forms include questions on the status of morbidity and mortality. SBH –related questions are also included in these questionnaires. In Iran, these questions have been included in the questionnaires since 1981, in the following form:
Total number of female/male children born alive; total number of female/male children currently alive (living with this or another household).
We used the SBH data of the censuses of the years 1986, 1996, 2006, and 2011.

2. Demographic and Health Survey (DHS)
This study has in fact been derived from global studies on fertility and prevalence of contraceptive use, in which, data related to fertility, pregnancy, maternal and child health and nutrition in developing countries are collected. However, data on malaria, AIDS, and domestic abuse are collected voluntarily.
In order to estimate child mortality in this program, the SBH and CBH questions are included in the questionnaire as well.
The SBH and CBH data of the 2000 DHS project were used to estimate child mortality. The quality of the 2010 data was poor, so they were put aside and not used for the study.

3. MOHME’s Death Registration System
Currently, two organizations are responsible for registering deaths in Iran; the National Organization for Civil Registration and MOHME’s Death Registration System.
The National Organization for Civil Registration data contains many errors and delays in reporting. In 1995, an effort was made in the Bushehr province to launch a registry using all possible sources and afterwards, this step was taken across the entire country. Initially (from 1995 to 2001), MOHME’s Deputy of Research was in charge of registering death data. Afterwards, MOHME’s Deputy of Health took charge and has continued to do so since then.
Here, we have used the data from the years 1995 to 2010. The 2005 data were not available, hence they were not used.

本数据集涵盖三类包含汇总与完整生育史数据的资料：普查数据、人口与健康调查（Demographic and Health Survey, DHS）数据以及ARJ项目（伊朗人口增长率测算）数据，其中仅包含简短生育史（SBH）相关问题；而DHS数据同时涵盖完整生育史（CBH）相关问题。后续确定以1986年、1996年、2006年及2011年的普查数据，2000年与2010年的DHS数据，以及1999年的ARJ项目数据作为本研究的数据源。

1. 普查
伊朗首次及末次全国人口与住房普查分别于1956年和2011年开展。根据伊朗统计中心第4条条例，该普查需由总统下令每五年开展一次，伊朗下一次全国人口与住房普查计划于2016年进行。
本次普查的核心目标是在全国范围内收集统计资料与数据，以明确人口与住房特征；后者可用于处理社会发展、经济与文化规划所需的数据，并为构建规范的统计调查框架奠定基础。
普查问卷包含发病与死亡状况相关问题，同时纳入简短生育史（SBH）相关问题。伊朗自1981年起便在问卷中设置此类问题，具体形式为：活产男/女儿童总数、当前仍存活（与本家庭或其他家庭共同生活）的男/女儿童总数。本研究采用了1986年、1996年、2006年及2011年普查中的SBH数据。

2. 人口与健康调查（DHS）
本研究的数据源源自全球生育与避孕使用率相关研究项目，该类项目旨在收集发展中国家的生育、妊娠、母婴健康及营养相关数据；而疟疾、艾滋病与家庭暴力相关数据则为自愿填报项。
为在该项目中估算儿童死亡率，问卷同时纳入了SBH与CBH相关问题。
本研究采用2000年DHS项目中的SBH与CBH数据以估算儿童死亡率。由于2010年数据质量较差，故予以剔除，未纳入本研究。

3. 卫生与医学教育部（MOHME）死亡登记系统
目前伊朗有两家机构负责死亡登记工作：国家民事登记总局与MOHME死亡登记系统。
国家民事登记总局的登记数据存在诸多错误与报告延迟问题。1995年，伊朗布什尔省率先尝试整合各类可用资源建立死亡登记体系，随后这一模式在全国范围内推广。1995年至2001年期间，MOHME研究副主管负责死亡数据登记工作；此后由MOHME卫生副主管接手并持续至今。
本研究采用了1995年至2010年的相关数据，但由于2005年数据无法获取，故未纳入分析。