THE ROLE OF STRESS FACTORS IN SEVERE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE UROGENITAL SYSTEM DURING ORGANOGENESIS IN CHILDREN

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of parental, particularly maternal, stress experienced during pregnancy on the development of severe congenital anomalies of the urogenital system. A total of 118 children aged 1 to 15 years with various forms of epispadias and bladder exstrophy were clinically examined. Analysis of anamnestic data revealed that 104 patients (88.1%) were exposed to different types of stress during the organogenesis period of fetal development. The obtained results indicate that psycho-emotional factors play a significant role in the development of severe congenital anomalies of the urogenital system, especially those complicated by urinary incontinence. Intense and prolonged stress during pregnancy may negatively affect normal fetal development, leading to structural and functional abnormalities of the urinary and reproductive systems. [2]Therefore, reducing stress factors in pregnant women, ensuring psychological stability, and strengthening early preventive measures are essential for decreasing the risk of congenital anomalies.本研究旨在探讨孕期父母（尤其是母亲）所经历的应激状态对泌尿生殖系统严重先天性畸形发生发展的影响。本研究共纳入118名年龄1~15岁、罹患各类尿道上裂（epispadias）与膀胱外翻（bladder exstrophy）的患儿进行临床检查。对回顾性病史资料的分析显示，104例患者（占比88.1%）在胎儿发育的器官发生期曾暴露于不同类型的应激因素。所得研究结果表明，心理-情绪因素在泌尿生殖系统严重先天性畸形的发生发展中发挥重要作用，尤其是合并尿失禁的畸形类型。孕期剧烈且持久的应激状态可能对胎儿正常发育产生负面影响，进而引发泌尿与生殖系统的结构与功能异常。[2]因此，减轻孕妇的应激负荷、保障其心理稳定，并强化早期预防干预措施，对于降低先天性畸形的发病风险至关重要。