Data of adult bioassays.

Aedes albopictus (Skuse), a primary dengue vector in Hong Kong, poses significant challenges to public health due to escalating insecticide resistance in Asia. To address this concern, we evaluated resistance profiles of five field-derived Ae. albopictus populations across Hong Kong using WHO insecticide susceptibility bioassays. Metabolic detoxification using synergists test with piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and target-site mutations referred to as knockdown resistance (kdr) in the voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene were characterized to elucidate resistance mechanisms. The results show that Ae albopictus populations in Hong Kong exhibited high resistance to commonly used pyrethroids (permethrin, deltamethrin) and the organochlorine dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), as well as emerging resistance to the organophosphate malathion. Resistance to three larvicides, temephos, spinosad, and pyriproxyfen, is likely to be developing, whereas Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) still retains efficacy. Sequencing revealed the F1534S/L mutation in VGSC Domain III (29.0% mutation frequency), strongly correlated with pyrethroid survivorship. A minor dual mutation (S406T + L424H) in Domain I was recorded but showing limited phenotypic association. Synergist assays demonstrated partial or full restoration of pyrethroid susceptibility with PBO, implicating cytochrome P450-mediated metabolic resistance as a co-factor. These findings confirm that Ae. albopictus in Hong Kong has evolved multifaceted resistance mechanisms, driven by both target-site mutations and metabolic detoxification. This study provides critical evidence to optimize local vector control strategies and contributes resistance profiles to the Asia-Pacific region, aiding regional efforts to mitigate dengue transmission risks.

白纹伊蚊（Aedes albopictus (Skuse)）是香港登革热的主要传播媒介，其在亚洲地区不断升级的杀虫剂抗性给公共卫生带来了严峻挑战。为应对这一问题，本研究采用世界卫生组织（WHO）杀虫剂敏感性生物测定法，对香港境内5个野外来源的白纹伊蚊（Ae. albopictus）种群的抗性谱进行了评估。通过开展胡椒基丁醚（piperonyl butoxide, PBO）增效剂代谢解毒试验，并对电压门控钠通道（voltage-gated sodium channel, VGSC）基因中被称为击倒抗性（knockdown resistance, kdr）的靶点突变进行表征，以阐明其抗性机制。

研究结果显示，香港的白纹伊蚊种群对常用拟除虫菊酯类药剂（氯菊酯permethrin、溴氰菊酯deltamethrin）以及有机氯类杀虫剂滴滴涕（dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, DDT）均表现出高抗性；同时对有机磷类药剂马拉硫磷（malathion）也出现了抗性。三种幼虫杀虫剂——双硫磷（temephos）、多杀菌素（spinosad）及吡丙醚（pyriproxyfen）或已出现抗性演化趋势，而苏云金杆菌以色列亚种（Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, Bti）仍保持杀虫效力。

测序分析发现，电压门控钠通道III结构域存在F1534S/L突变，突变频率达29.0%，该突变与拟除虫菊酯处理后的蚊虫存活率呈显著相关。此外，在I结构域中检测到一处轻微的双突变（S406T + L424H），但该突变与表型的关联度有限。增效剂试验结果表明，胡椒基丁醚（PBO）可部分或完全恢复白纹伊蚊对拟除虫菊酯的敏感性，提示细胞色素P450介导的代谢抗性是抗性演化的协同因素。

本研究证实，香港地区的白纹伊蚊已演化出兼具靶点突变与代谢解毒作用的多维度抗性机制。该研究为优化本地媒介控制策略提供了关键实证，并为亚太地区提供了标准化的抗性谱数据，有助于区域内降低登革热传播风险的防控工作开展。