Influenza pandemics throughout Brazilian history

Abstract Brazil has experienced several major epidemics of influenza, and the most destructive was in 1918-1919. This article focuses on mortality, mitigation policies, and the consequences of pandemic influenza during the national period. We provide the first mortality estimates for the 1890-1894 influenza pandemic and correct figures for later epidemics. The 1918-1919 episode cost more lives than assumed, although some cities suffered less, possibly because of public health actions. Influenza caused pandemics in 1957, 1968, 1976, and 2009, but these did not cause unusual outbreaks in Brazil.

【摘要】巴西曾暴发多起大型流感疫情，其中破坏力最强的一次发生于1918—1919年。本文聚焦巴西全国范围内大流感的死亡率、防控政策及其衍生后果。我们首次对1890—1894年流感大流行的死亡率进行了估算，并修正了后续数次流感疫情的统计数据。1918—1919年的本次流感疫情致死人数超出此前预估，尽管部分城市的疫情态势相对平缓，这或得益于当地推行的公共卫生举措。1957年、1968年、1976年及2009年均暴发过流感大流行，但上述疫情均未在巴西引发异常的暴发情况。