Methods of cultivation and technical coefficients of peanuts in the Bahian Recôncavo

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to collect information about peanut cultivation methods adopted by family farmers in the Bahian Recôncavo (region that surrounds the bay in the state of Bahia, Brazil), using a specific form and also direct information from farmers. An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the mesoregion of the Bahian Recôncavo in the following municipalities: Conceição do Almeida, Cruz das Almas, Maragogipe, São Felipe, São Felix, Sapeaçú and Laje (Vale do Jequiriçá), where 60 local farmers answered a nonstructured questionnaire about peanut cultivation. The cultivation system was estimated based on technical coefficients related to peanut cultivation in the area evaluated. The peanut cultivation system is carried out by family farmers from the Bahian Recôncavo who employ outdated practices and do not use the required basic steps. The technical coefficients analyzed show that the cultivation of peanut is an unprofitable activity when considering the high cost of production in this region, even though productivity is higher than in the entire state as well as in the Northeast region. Farmers in the Bahian Recôncavo do not consider the actual production costs of peanuts since they use seeds from previous crops and do not account for the labor costs of family members. There is a lack of active and continuous technical assistance to family farmers, not only in relation to the cultivation system, but also the possibility of other destinations for peanuts produced in the region.

摘要 本研究旨在通过专用调研表单与农户直接访谈的方式，收集巴西巴伊亚州雷孔卡沃地区（Bahian Recôncavo，环绕巴伊亚州海湾的区域）家庭农户所采用的花生种植相关信息。本研究在巴伊亚州雷孔卡沃中观区域的孔塞桑-杜-阿尔梅达（Conceição do Almeida）、克鲁斯-达斯-阿尔马斯（Cruz das Almas）、马拉戈日皮（Maragogipe）、圣费利佩（São Felipe）、圣费利克斯（São Felix）、萨佩阿苏（Sapeaçú）及拉耶（Vale do Jequiriçá，热基里萨谷）等市镇开展民族植物学调查，共计60名当地农户参与了针对花生种植的非结构化问卷调研。本研究基于评估区域内与花生种植相关的技术系数，对当地种植体系进行了测算。巴伊亚州雷孔卡沃地区的家庭农户所采用的花生种植体系仍沿用陈旧作业方式，未遵循必要的基础种植流程。经分析的技术系数显示，尽管该区域花生单产高于巴伊亚全州及巴西东北部地区，但结合当地高昂的生产成本来看，花生种植属于无盈利性生产活动。该地区农户在核算时并未考量花生的实际生产成本：他们自留上一季作物的种子作为种植种源，且未将家庭成员的劳动成本纳入核算范畴。当地家庭农户不仅在种植体系层面缺乏持续有效的技术帮扶，同时也未能获取本区域所产花生的其他销售渠道相关信息。