THE CONTROL OF SCHOOL SPACE: HYGIENIC AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS OF SCHOOLS (SPAIN, 1857-1931)

Abtsract This article describes the legal measures regarding the hygienic conditions of school buildings from the Moyano Act (1857) until the end of the Monarchical Restoration (1931). They are interpreted in the light of primary sources - administration reports and writings of teachers describing their school buildings- that contrast with the hygienic and pedagogical theories of that time. The main conclusion is that local authorities, who were the responsible, failed to fulfill those regulations and used to rent unhealthy buildings, where children were deprived of essential elements such as light, air and space. The pedagogical and hygienic conditions were really uncontrolled.

摘要：本文梳理了自1857年《莫亚诺法案》（Moyano Act）至君主复辟时期结束（1931年）期间，与校舍卫生条件相关的法律规制措施。本文以原始文献——行政报告与教师撰写的校舍相关著述——为依据展开解读，这些文献与当时的卫生及教育学理论形成鲜明对照。研究核心结论显示：作为责任主体的地方当局未落实相关法规，惯于租赁卫生状况不达标的校舍，致使在校儿童无法获得光照、新鲜空气与活动空间等必要条件；彼时的教育与卫生管理状况完全处于失管状态。