Labour Force Survey 2013, 2nd Quarter

Labour Force Survey 2013, 2nd Quarter.

As of the 1st quarter of 1972, SSB has conducted official quarterly labour force surveys (AKU). These surveys aim to give the labour force authorities (and other people interested) knowledge of the occupational structure of the population and how it develops over time. The surveys are meant to give a foundation and statistical material for occupational prognoses and labour research. The samples in AKU are from 1992 representative at county level. In the period 1972-1991 they were representative on county pair level.

As from January 2006 some major changes were introduced to AKU in order to enhance its comparability to similar surveys in other countries. The changes consist of minor definitional adjustments of unemployment and educational level, some adjustments and enlargement of the questionnaire and a change in age definition (age at reference point instead of at the end of the year). Simultaneously the lower age limit to be included in AKU was lowered from 16 to 15 years. This led to some breaks in the time series in the aforementioned areas.

As of the 1st quarter of 2009 the new classification of economic activities: SN2007/ISIC rev 5 replaces SN2002/ISIC Rev 4.

As of the 1st quarter of 2011 the new classification of occupants STYRK-08/ISCO-08 replaces STYRK/ISCO-88.

From 2011 the new standard classification of occupations STYRK-08 replaces the previously used STYRK. From 1st quarter of 2011 professions are coded for both old and new occupational standards. On the basis of this double coding transition keys between old and new standards is calculated. The occupational figures for 2011, will because of this, not be comparable with previous years.

--------------------------------------------
Originally, AKU respondents were interviewed in two consecutive quarters of a year, followed by a pause of two quarters, and then another two quarters of interviews. The sample was approximately 10-11.000 respondents in each quarter up until 1988. Originally, AKU was intended to be an analytical supplement to the monthly occupational statistics that was based on the social security membership index file. However, the social security-based statistics disappeared when the sickness benefit was included in the National Insurance as of 1st of January 1971, and AKU has after gradually developed into the most significant source of knowledge of the state of the labour market and its development.

In 1975, Statistics Norway changed the sampling frame of survey research, see article 37: “Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser”, SSB (About the Use of Random Samples at the Office for Survey Research, Statistics Norway) by Steinar Tamsfoss, and SØS 33: “Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse (Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research) by Ib Thomsen. Simultaneously, the method for estimation of inflation to national numbers was changed, so that reasonable numbers for regions do exist from 1975 and onwards. The change in 1975 led to a different way of interviewing in groups. This caused amongst other things a break with the AKU panel systematics.

In the AKU survey of 1976, a slightly changed questionnaire was introduced. Also, there was a return to the original 6-quarter rotation scheme. The new questionnaire implied a better identification of family workers and persons that are temporarily without paid work. Thus, 30-35 000 more people were defined as employed. The group of "job-seekers without income" were also extended to include persons that were on an involuntary leave of absence. The questions concerning underemployment and “over employment” in the original questionnaire were abandoned.

From the 1st quarter of 1987, the estimation method (inflation to national numbers) was slightly changed. There was also a minor adjustment in the definition of employment. In order to ensure that the numbers were to be comparable to earlier surveys, new versions of the 1980-1986 AKU-files were drawn up. Consequently two versions of the 1980-1987 files - respectively with the old and new methods of estimation - exist. The “old” means that the data are comparable to the original numbers published in the period of 1972 - 1987, whilst the “new” implies that the data are comparable to numbers published after 1987.
-------------------------------------------------------------
Between the 1st and 2nd quarter of 1988, the AKU file description was changed. The variable “Labour-market status” was given a different coding. In addition, adjustments in the data collections were made - from interviewing a specific week every quarter to carry out continuous weekly interviews. In addition, an escalation scheme to increase the sample size was started. This affected the weights, and from the 2nd quarter of 1988, these were recalculated monthly. To balance out the quarterly or yearly files to total national numbers, the monthly weights therefore had to be divided in three or twelve to give the correct total number.

In 1996, AKU was significantly revised: The questionnaire, the file description and the standard for coding of industry and occupation. The data collection also changed to CATI - Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing. A new classification of industry was put into use (NOS C 182, based on the EU standard NACE, Rev.1). This standard was updated in 2002 and 2007. Also, the new Norwegian standard classification of occupations (STYRK) based on ISCO 88 was used from 1996 and onwards. The variable indicating socio-economic status was omitted, as a similar variable was not developed in the new occupational classification.

2013年第二季度劳动力调查。

自1972年第一季度起，挪威统计统计局（SSB，全称Statistics Norway）已开展官方季度劳动力调查（AKU）。本调查旨在为劳动力管理部门及其他相关关注者提供人口职业结构及其随时间演变情况的相关信息，同时为职业预测与劳动力研究提供基础数据与统计资料。1992年起，AKU的样本在县级层面具有代表性；1972年至1991年期间，样本代表性基于县域配对层级。

自2006年1月起，AKU迎来多项重大调整，以提升其与其他国家同类调查的可比性。调整内容包括对失业与教育水平的定义小幅修订、问卷内容的调整与扩充，以及年龄定义的变更（采用参考时点年龄，而非年末年龄）。与此同时，AKU的纳入年龄下限从16岁下调至15岁。上述调整导致相关领域的时间序列出现断点。

自2009年第一季度起，新的经济活动分类标准SN2007/国际标准产业分类修订版5（SN2007/ISIC Rev 5，其中ISIC为International Standard Industrial Classification的缩写）取代了SN2002/ISIC Rev 4。

自2011年第一季度起，新的职业分类标准STYRK-08/国际职业分类标准修订版8（STYRK-08/ISCO-08，其中ISCO为International Standard Classification of Occupations的缩写）取代了STYRK/ISCO-88。

2011年起，新版职业分类标准STYRK-08取代了此前使用的STYRK。自2011年第一季度起，职业编码同时采用新旧两套职业分类标准。基于此双重编码机制，可计算出新旧标准间的转换系数。正因如此，2011年的职业数据无法与此前年份的数据进行比较。

--------------------------------------------
最初，AKU的受访者需在一年中的两个连续季度接受访谈，随后暂停两个季度，再进行两个季度的访谈。直至1988年，每季度的样本量约为10000至11000名受访者。AKU最初旨在作为基于社会保障成员索引档案的月度职业统计数据的分析补充。然而，自1971年1月1日起，疾病津贴被纳入国民保险体系，基于社会保障的统计数据随之停用，AKU也逐渐发展为了解劳动力市场现状及其发展趋势的最重要数据来源。

1975年，挪威统计统计局调整了调查研究的抽样框架，相关内容可参见Steinar Tamsfoss撰写的SSB第37号文章"Om bruk av stikkprøver ved kontoret for intervjuundersøkelser"（《关于调查研究办公室的随机样本使用方法》），以及Ib Thomsen撰写的SØS 33号文件"Prinsipper og metoder for Statistisk sentralbyrås utvalgsundersøkelse"（《挪威统计统计局抽样调查的原则与方法》，英文对应标题：Principles and Methods for Statistics Norway's sample research）。与此同时，全国数据的通胀估算方法也进行了调整，自此1975年起可生成合理的区域层面数据。1975年的调整改变了群体访谈的方式，其中之一便是打破了AKU的面板轮换体系。

1976年的AKU调查引入了小幅修订后的问卷，同时恢复了最初的6季度轮换方案。新版问卷能够更好地识别家庭雇工与临时无薪工作者，因此新增了30000至35000名就业人口。“无收入求职者”群体的范围也得到扩充，纳入了非自愿休假的人员。原问卷中关于就业不足与“过度就业”的问题被移除。

自1987年第一季度起，全国数据的通胀估算方法进行了小幅调整，就业定义也做了小幅修订。为确保数据与此前调查的可比性，研究人员编制了1980年至1986年AKU数据集的新版。因此，1980年至1987年的数据集存在两个版本：分别采用新旧两种估算方法。“旧版”数据可与1972年至1987年发布的原始数据进行比较，而“新版”数据则可与1987年之后发布的数据进行比较。
-------------------------------------------------------------
1988年第一季度至第二季度期间，AKU的数据集描述进行了调整：“劳动力市场状况”变量采用了新的编码方式。此外，数据收集流程也进行了调整——从每季度针对特定一周进行访谈，改为持续开展每周访谈。同时，启动了样本量扩容计划。这一调整影响了样本权重，自1988年第二季度起，权重改为每月重新计算。为使季度或年度数据集与全国总数据保持平衡，月度权重需分别除以3或12，以得到正确的总样本数。

1996年，AKU迎来重大修订，涉及问卷、数据集描述以及行业与职业编码标准。数据收集方式改为计算机辅助电话访谈（Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing，简称CATI）。新版行业分类标准正式启用（NOS C 182，基于欧盟NACE修订版1标准），该标准分别于2002年与2007年进行了更新。同时，1996年起启用基于ISCO 88的新版挪威职业分类标准（STYRK）。由于新版职业分类体系未开发对应的社会经济地位变量，原有的社会经济地位标识变量被移除。