ASSESSMENT OF CORROSION MECHANISMS AND EQUIPMENT OPERATIONAL SAFETY IN PRIMARY OIL REFINING UNITS

This article examines the specific characteristics of corrosion processes observed in primary distillation units of oil refineries and the technological factors influencing them. The chemical composition of deposits (fouling) formed as a result of the interaction between chlorides, sulfur compounds, and ammonia in the raw material is analyzed using column equipment as an example. Furthermore, a comparative assessment of the corrosive aggressiveness levels during the operational mode and pre-repair shutdown periods of the units was conducted. The research results hold significant scientific and practical importance for extending the service life of equipment metals and ensuring technological safety.本文系统考察了炼油厂常压蒸馏装置内腐蚀过程的具体特征及其影响工艺因素。本文以塔器设备为研究案例，分析了原料中氯化物、硫化物与氨相互作用所形成的沉积物（结垢）的化学组成。此外，本文还对装置运行工况与检修前停工工况下的腐蚀侵蚀性等级开展了对比评估。本研究成果对于延长装置金属构件的服役寿命、保障工艺生产安全具有重要的科学与实践价值。