Table1_Transcriptome Analysis of Antennal Chemosensory Genes in Curculio Dieckmanni Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).XLSX

The olfactory system plays a key role in regulating insect behaviors, such as locating host plants, spawning sites, and mating partners and avoiding predators. Chemosensory genes are required for olfactory recognition in insects. Curculio dieckmanni Faust. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) damages hazelnuts and causes severe economic losses. There are no effective control measures, but understanding the olfaction mechanisms of this insect could lead to a new approach for population management. However, the genes that perform chemosensory functions in C. dieckmanni are still unclear. Using high-throughput sequencing, we assembled the antennal transcriptome of C. dieckmanni and annotated the major chemosensory gene families. Of the chemosensory gene families, we found 23 odorant-binding proteins, 15 chemosensory proteins, 2 sensory neuron membrane proteins, 15 odorant receptors, 23 ionotropic receptors, and nine gustatory receptors. Using Blast sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, the sequences of these proteins were identified. Male- and female-specific chemosensory genes involved in odorant detection and recognition were validated by qRT-PCR. Among the chemosensory genes, we found significant differences in the expression of CdieOBP8, CdieOBP9, CdieOBP19, CdieOBP20, CdieOBP21, CdieCSP15, CdieOR13, and CdieOR15 between adult male and female C. dieckmanni. A total of 87 expressed chemosensory proteins were found in C. dieckmanni. Investigating these proteins will help reveal the molecular mechanism of odorant recognition in C. dieckmanni and may aid the development of novel control strategies for this species.

嗅觉系统在调控昆虫行为中发挥关键作用，涵盖定位寄主植物、选择产卵场所、寻觅交配配偶以及规避天敌等行为。化学感受基因是昆虫嗅觉识别过程不可或缺的组分。迪克曼榛象（Curculio dieckmanni Faust.，鞘翅目：象甲科）会蛀食榛子，造成严重的经济损失。目前尚无针对该虫的有效防控手段，而解析其嗅觉机制或可为种群管理提供全新策略。然而，目前对于迪克曼榛象体内行使化学感受功能的基因仍不明晰。本研究采用高通量测序技术，组装了迪克曼榛象的触角转录组，并对其主要化学感受基因家族进行了注释。在本次注释的化学感受基因家族中，共鉴定得到23个气味结合蛋白（odorant-binding proteins, OBPs）、15个化学感受蛋白（chemosensory proteins, CSPs）、2个感觉神经元膜蛋白（sensory neuron membrane proteins, SNMPs）、15个气味受体（odorant receptors, ORs）、23个离子型受体（ionotropic receptors, IRs）以及9个味觉受体（gustatory receptors, GRs）。通过BLAST序列比对与系统发育分析，本研究完成了上述蛋白序列的鉴定。本研究通过实时定量PCR（qRT-PCR）验证了参与气味检测与识别的雌雄特异性化学感受基因。在上述化学感受基因中，迪克曼榛象成虫体内CdieOBP8、CdieOBP9、CdieOBP19、CdieOBP20、CdieOBP21、CdieCSP15、CdieOR13及CdieOR15的表达水平在雌雄个体间存在显著差异。本研究共在迪克曼榛象中鉴定得到87个具有表达活性的化学感受基因。对上述基因的研究将有助于解析迪克曼榛象的气味识别分子机制，同时可为该物种的新型防控策略开发提供理论支撑。