Antidiabetic activity evaluation of Onobrychis species on alloxan-induced diabetic mice

In the current study, four Onobrychis species, O. albiflora Hub.-Mor., O. argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea Boiss., O. galegifolia Boiss., and O. tournefortii (Willd.) Desv. were collected from Anatolia to be evaluated for their antidiabetic activities. Methanol water extracts of the aerial parts were used for experiments. An alloxan-induced diabetic mice test model was used. Phytochemical analysis of the tested extracts was investigated using the HPLC method. The highest activity was observed with treatment of O. albiflora aerial part extract. Significant decrements were detected in the blood glucose levels as follows: 180.83±47.48 and 252.83±50.47mg/dL at 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg doses of O. albiflora, respectively, when compared to the isotonic saline solution control group, eliciting a blood glucose level of 494.20±27.32. Among the tested standard compounds, rutin and isoquercetin were detected in the examined species. The highest amount of rutin (1.1981±0.0017%) and isoquercetin (0.7318±0.0197%) were found in O. albiflora and O. argyrea subsp. argyrea, respectively. Antidiabetic activities of the tested Onobrychis species seem to indicate a possible correlation with their rutin and isoquercetin contents. Therefore, rutin and isoquercetin may be the antidiabetic compounds that contribute to the antidiabetic activity of the tested Onobrychis species.

本研究从安纳托利亚地区采集了4种驴食草属（Onobrychis）植物，分别为白花驴食草（O. albiflora Hub.-Mor.）、银叶驴食草原亚种（O. argyrea Boiss. subsp. argyrea Boiss.）、山羊豆叶驴食草（O. galegifolia Boiss.）以及图尔农驴食草（O. tournefortii (Willd.) Desv.），以评估其抗糖尿病活性。本研究采用地上部分的甲醇-水提取物开展实验，实验采用四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病小鼠模型。本研究采用高效液相色谱法（High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC）对受试提取物进行植物化学分析。实验结果显示，白花驴食草地上部分提取物的抗糖尿病活性最强。与生理盐水对照组（血糖值为494.20±27.32mg/dL）相比，白花驴食草在100mg/kg和200mg/kg给药剂量下，可分别使小鼠血糖降至180.83±47.48mg/dL和252.83±50.47mg/dL，降幅均具有统计学显著性。在受试标准品中，芦丁（rutin）和异槲皮苷（isoquercetin）在供试植物中均有检出。其中，白花驴食草中芦丁含量最高，为1.1981±0.0017%；银叶驴食草原亚种中异槲皮苷含量最高，为0.7318±0.0197%。供试驴食草属植物的抗糖尿病活性与其芦丁和异槲皮苷含量可能存在相关性。因此，芦丁与异槲皮苷或为赋予供试驴食草属植物抗糖尿病活性的活性成分。