Data from: Increased CAIDE dementia risk, cognition, CSF biomarkers and vascular burden in healthy adults

Objective: To investigate the cognitive profile of healthy individuals with increased CAIDE dementia risk score, and to explore whether this association is related to vascular burden and CSF biomarkers of amyloidosis and neurodegeneration.
Method: Cognitively normal participants (mean age = 57.6 years) from the Gipuzkoa Alzheimer Project study were classified as having high risk (HR, n = 82) or low risk (LR, n = 293) for dementia according to a CAIDE score cut off of 9. Cognitive composites were compared between groups. We explored the role of APOE genotype, MRI white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and CSF (n = 218) levels of amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) in the association between CAIDE and cognition conducting generalized linear models.
Results: HR participants obtained lower scores on executive function (EF) (p = .001) and visual perception and construction (VPC) (p < .001) composites. EFc was associated with CAIDEp-tau (p = .001), CAIDEt-tau (p = .001) and WMH (p = .003). VPCc was associated with APOE (p = .001), Aβ1-42 (p = .004), the interaction APOEAβ1-42 (p = .003), and WMH (p = .004). Performance on global memory was associated with Aβ1-42 (p = .006), APOE (p = .008), and their interaction (p = .006). Analyses were adjusted for age, education, sex, premorbid intelligence and stress.
Conclusion: Healthy participants at increased dementia risk, based on CAIDE scores, show lower performance in executive function and visual perception and construction. This difference is related to APOE, WMH and Alzheimer’s biomarkers.

研究目标：本研究旨在探究CAIDE痴呆风险评分（CAIDE dementia risk score）升高的健康个体的认知特征，并探讨该关联是否与血管负荷、淀粉样变及神经退行性变的脑脊液生物标志物相关。
研究方法：纳入来自吉普斯夸阿尔茨海默病研究项目（Gipuzkoa Alzheimer Project）的认知正常受试者，其平均年龄为57.6岁。依据CAIDE痴呆风险评分界值9，将受试者分为痴呆高风险组（HR，n=82）与低风险组（LR，n=293）。比较两组间的认知复合评分。通过构建广义线性模型（generalized linear models），本研究分析了APOE基因型（APOE genotype）、磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging, MRI）脑白质高信号（White Matter Hyperintensities, WMH）以及脑脊液（Cerebrospinal Fluid, CSF，n=218）中β淀粉样蛋白1-42（amyloid-β1-42, Aβ1-42）、总tau蛋白（total tau, t-tau）与磷酸化tau蛋白（phosphorylated tau, p-tau）水平，在CAIDE评分与认知功能的关联中所发挥的作用。
研究结果：高风险组受试者在执行功能（executive function, EF）复合评分（p=0.001）及视觉感知与构建能力（visual perception and construction, VPC）复合评分（p<0.001）上的得分显著更低。执行功能复合评分与CAIDE-p-tau交互项（p=0.001）、CAIDE-t-tau交互项（p=0.001）以及WMH（p=0.003）显著相关。视觉感知与构建能力复合评分与APOE基因型（p=0.001）、Aβ1-42水平（p=0.004）、APOE与Aβ1-42的交互项（p=0.003）以及WMH（p=0.004）显著相关。整体记忆表现与Aβ1-42水平（p=0.006）、APOE基因型（p=0.008）及其交互项（p=0.006）显著相关。所有分析均针对年龄、受教育程度、性别、病前智力水平及应激水平进行了校正。
研究结论：基于CAIDE痴呆风险评分判定为痴呆风险升高的健康受试者，其执行功能与视觉感知及构建能力表现显著更差。该认知差异与APOE基因型、脑白质高信号以及阿尔茨海默病相关生物标志物密切相关。