PSYCHOLOGICAL MECHANISMS OF DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING IN STUDENTS

This article discusses the psychological mechanisms that underlie the development of critical thinking among students. The study emphasizes that the ability to think critically is not an innate quality but a cognitive and emotional skill that can be developed through systematic psychological and pedagogical approaches. It focuses on the interaction between cognitive flexibility, metacognition, motivation, and emotional regulation as core factors influencing the growth of critical reasoning. The article also explores the role of teachers in creating an educational environment that fosters analytical and independent thinking. The research highlights that dialogic learning, reflective questioning, and problem-based activities significantly enhance students’ capacity for logical reasoning and decision-making.本文探讨了学生批判性思维养成背后的心理机制。本研究指出，批判性思维并非先天禀赋，而是一种可通过系统化心理学与教育学方法加以培养的认知与情感技能。研究聚焦于认知灵活性、元认知（metacognition）、动机与情绪调节之间的交互作用，将其视为影响批判性推理能力发展的核心因素。本文还探讨了教师在营造有利于培养分析性与独立性思维的教育环境中所发挥的作用。该研究同时表明，对话式学习、反思性提问与基于问题的活动能够显著提升学生的逻辑推理与决策能力。