Gradient system processed data from the expedition ARTofMELT, Arctic Ocean, 2023

In spring 2023, near-surface particle and heat fluxes were measured using the gradient method during the ARTofMELT Arctic Ocean Expedition aboard the icebreaker Oden. The gradient system was used to measure the number of particles, temperature and wind speed at five different heights close to the surface. We divided the surface conditions into three categories: open water, open lead and closed ice. To measure the concentration of particles near the surface, we used a 1.50 m high linear actuator with a sensor board. The sensor board included a temperature sensor, a heat wire anemometer, an inlet connected to a condensation particle counter (CPC) and a distance sensor. The gradient system was set up to approach six different height levels in sequence. The distance to the surface from the inlet varied depending on the height level, with measurements taken at 5 cm, 10 cm, 17 cm, 32 cm, 67 cm and 129 cm.

2023年春季，在搭乘破冰船“奥登号”（Oden）执行ARTofMELT北冰洋考察任务期间，研究人员采用梯度法（gradient method）测量了近地表粒子与热通量。梯度系统被用于在距地表的五个不同高度处，测量粒子数、气温与风速。研究团队将地表状况划分为三类：开阔水域、冰间水道与密实冰盖。为测量近地表粒子浓度，研究人员使用了一台高度为1.50米的线性执行器，其搭载传感器板。该传感器板包含温度传感器、热线风速仪、连接至凝结核计数器（Condensation Particle Counter, CPC）的进气口，以及距离传感器。梯度系统被设置为依次获取六个不同高度层级的测量数据，进气口距地表的高度随层级变化，具体测量高度分别为5厘米、10厘米、17厘米、32厘米、67厘米与129厘米。