Data for effects of multiple drivers of environmental change on native and invasive macroalgae in nearshore groundwater dependent ecosystems

Okuhata, B.K., Delevaux, J.M.S., Richards Donà, A., Smith, C.M., Gibson, V.L., Dulai, H., El-Kadi, A.I., Stamoulis, K., Burnett, K.M., Wada, C.A., Bremer, L.L., Effects of multiple drivers of environmental change on native and invasive macroalgae in nearshore groundwater dependent ecosystems

Environmental change scenarios, with a spatial extent of the Keauhou basal aquifer (Hawai‘i), were produced using a recharge coverage from Engott (2011), land use coverages from the State of Hawai‘i (2022) and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2006); climate change calculations based on Elison Timm et al. (2015), and native forest conversion calculations from Bremer et al. (2021). Scenarios were developed based on the following assumptions:

Scenario 0 (Baseline) assumes current land use, groundwater recharge, and groundwater withdrawal rates (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2006; State of Hawai‘i, 2022; Engott, 2011; Commission on Water Resource Management, unpublished data, 2018). Please see Okuhata et al. (2021) for more details regarding the scenario assumptions for the baseline groundwater model.

Scenario 1 (Climate Change) assumes current land use, but with Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 mid-century rainfall projections (Elison Timm et al., 2015), where rainfall and recharge calculations were based on estimates from Giambelluca et al. (2013) and Engott (2011). 

Scenario 2 (Urban Development) assumes RCP 8.5 mid-century rainfall conditions along with future permitted development, which includes an increase in water demand (Fukunaga & Associates, Inc., 2017). 

Scenario 3 (Native Forest Conversion + Urban Development) assumes RCP 8.5 mid-century rainfall conditions and future permitted development, along with the assumption that native forests are not protected and converted to non-native forests (Bremer et al., 2021), therefore altering recharge estimates (Wada et al., 2017; Engott, 2011).

Please note that scenario numbers listed in the groundwater model and marine water quality model shapefiles may differ from the manuscript scenario numbers. The following table assigns the scenario numbers to their respective scenarios in the manuscript, groundwater model, and marine water quality model.

Scenario Name

Manuscript #

Groundwater Model #

Marine Water Quality Model #

Baseline

Scenario 0

Scenario 1

Scenario 0

Climate Change

Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 1

Urban Development

Scenario 2

Scenario 7

Scenario 6

Native Forest Conversion + Urban Development

Scenario 3

Scenario 5

Scenario 4

The groundwater model results are in shapefile format and were produced using the program SEAWAT (Langevin et al., 2008). The spatial extent is the Keauhou basal aquifer, and the projection is NAD 1983 UTM Zone 4N. The two polygon shapefiles represent the first and second layers of the groundwater model, and include groundwater level (meters relative to mean sea level), salinity (parts per thousand), temperature (degrees Celsius), nitrogen (milligrams per liter), and phosphorus (milligrams per liter) results under the assumptions of each scenario. The point shapefile represents the simulated discharge at SGD plumes under the assumptions of each scenario.

The marine water quality model results are in floating point TIFF format and were produced using the program R software. The spatial extent is the coastal area of the Keauhou aquifer system, and the geographic coordinate system is WGS 1984. The files include the groundwater discharge (cubic meters per month), salinity (parts per thousand), temperature (degrees Celsius), nitrogen (kilograms per month), and phosphorus (kilograms per month) results under the assumptions of each scenario.

The limu model results are in shapefile format and were produced using the program R software. The spatial extent is the coastal area of the Keauhou aquifer system, and the geographic coordinate system is WGS 1984. The files include the increase and decrease in area (hectares) for Ulva lactuca and Hypnea musciformis under the assumptions of each scenario.

The limu experiment results are derived from a csv file, which reports the Ulva lactuca and Hypnea musciformis measured weights (initial and final) for each growth run. These were used to calculate the weight difference. Included also in the dataset are the fixed and random effects used in the R script to run the model.

Contact Leah Bremer ([e-mail]) or Brytne Okuhata ([e-mail]) of the University of Hawaiʻi for more information on these files.

Okuhata, B.K.、Delevaux, J.M.S.、Richards Donà, A.、Smith, C.M.、Gibson, V.L.、Dulai, H.、El-Kadi, A.I.、Stamoulis, K.、Burnett, K.M.、Wada, C.A.、Bremer, L.L.：环境变化多重驱动因子对近岸地下水依赖型生态系统中本土与入侵大型藻类的影响

本研究以夏威夷凯乌霍（Keauhou）基底含水层为空间范围，构建了环境变化情景数据集，所用数据包括：Engott(2011)的补给覆盖数据、夏威夷州(2022)与美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA）2006年的土地利用覆盖数据、基于Elison Timm等(2015)的气候变化计算结果，以及Bremer等(2021)的原生林转化计算结果。情景构建基于以下假设：

情景0（基准情景）：假设采用当前土地利用、地下水补给与地下水开采速率（数据来源：NOAA, 2006；夏威夷州, 2022；Engott, 2011；水资源管理委员会，未公开数据，2018）。基准地下水模型的情景假设细节详见Okuhata等(2021)。

情景1（气候变化情景）：假设维持当前土地利用，但采用典型浓度路径（Representative Concentration Pathway, RCP）8.5中期降雨预测方案（Elison Timm等, 2015），降雨与补给计算基于Giambelluca等(2013)与Engott(2011)的估算结果。

情景2（城市发展情景）：假设采用RCP8.5中期降雨条件，同时纳入未来获批开发项目，包含需水量增加项（Fukunaga & Associates, Inc., 2017）。

情景3（原生林转化+城市发展情景）：假设采用RCP8.5中期降雨条件与未来获批开发项目，同时假定原生林未受保护并被转化为非原生林（Bremer等, 2021），进而改变补给估算结果（Wada等, 2017；Engott, 2011）。

请注意，地下水模型与海水水质模型shapefile中所用的情景编号可能与论文中的情景编号存在差异。下表将论文、地下水模型、海水水质模型中的情景编号与对应情景进行了匹配：

| 情景名称 | 论文编号 | 地下水模型编号 | 海水水质模型编号 |
|------------------------------|------------|----------------|------------------|
| 基准情景 | 情景0 | 情景1 | 情景0 |
| 气候变化情景 | 情景1 | 情景2 | 情景1 |
| 城市发展情景 | 情景2 | 情景7 | 情景6 |
| 原生林转化+城市发展情景 | 情景3 | 情景5 | 情景4 |

地下水模型结果以shapefile格式存储，采用SEAWAT程序（Langevin等, 2008）生成。空间范围为凯乌霍基底含水层，投影坐标系为NAD 1983 UTM 4N。两个面要素shapefile分别对应地下水模型的第一层与第二层，包含各情景假设下的地下水位（单位：米，相对于平均海平面）、盐度（单位：千分比）、温度（单位：摄氏度）、氮浓度（单位：毫克每升）与磷浓度（单位：毫克每升）模拟结果。点要素shapefile代表各情景假设下的海底地下水排泄（Submarine Groundwater Discharge, SGD）羽流模拟排泄量。

海水水质模型结果以浮点型TIFF格式存储，采用R软件生成。空间范围为凯乌霍含水层系统的近岸区域，地理坐标系为WGS 1984。文件包含各情景假设下的地下水排泄量（单位：立方米每月）、盐度（千分比）、温度（摄氏度）、氮负荷（单位：千克每月）与磷负荷（单位：千克每月）模拟结果。

大型藻类（limu）模型结果以shapefile格式存储，采用R软件生成。空间范围为凯乌霍含水层系统的近岸区域，地理坐标系为WGS 1984。文件包含各情景假设下石莼（Ulva lactuca）与杉藻（Hypnea musciformis）的面积增减量（单位：公顷）。

大型藻类实验结果源自csv文件，记录了各培养组石莼与杉藻的实测重量（初始与终末重量），用于计算重量差值。数据集同时包含运行模型的R脚本中所用的固定效应与随机效应参数。

如需获取更多文件相关信息，请联系夏威夷大学的Leah Bremer（邮箱：[e-mail]）或Brytne Okuhata（邮箱：[e-mail]）。