Data and code from: Multi-species interactions with artificial causeways in a fragmented lake

Lake Champlain is fragmented by causeways that restrict fish and boat
movement between basins, with only small openings for passage. We
evaluated potential limitations on cross-basin fish movement using
acoustic telemetry data from lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), lake
trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and walleye (Sander vitreus). Crossing
frequency at five causeways was determined seasonally, and repeated
passage across years was investigated for individual fish. All species
were observed in each basin where receivers were present and crossed most
or all five causeways; however, no juvenile lake sturgeon were observed
crossing causeways. Individuals with greater latitudinal range tended to
cross more frequently, with most crossings occurring at two causeways
between the Main Lake and smaller basins. Total crossing frequency was
similar among species, but seasonal variation reflected species-specific
differences in spawning seasons and temperature preferences. Few fish
crossed causeways overall, but those that did often repeated crossing in
subsequent years. Thus, causeways may limit fish movement between basins
to few individuals but those fish repeatedly cross to access resources,
indicating inter-individual diversity in movement and exploration
behaviors.

尚普兰湖（Lake Champlain）被跨湖堤道分割为多个湖盆，这些堤道限制了鱼类与船只在各湖盆间的通行，仅留有少量狭窄通道可供通行。本研究利用湖鲟（Acipenser fulvescens）、湖鳟（Salvelinus namaycush）以及大眼梭鲈（Sander vitreus）的水声遥测（acoustic telemetry）数据，评估了跨湖盆鱼类移动所面临的潜在限制因素。研究统计了5处跨湖堤道的鱼类穿越频率的季节变化，并针对个体鱼类开展了多年间重复通行行为的追踪调查。在布设了水声接收装置的所有湖盆中均观测到了上述三个物种的个体，且它们穿越了多数乃至全部5处跨湖堤道；但未观测到幼年湖鲟穿越堤道的记录。个体的纬度活动范围越大，其堤道穿越频率往往越高，且绝大多数穿越行为均发生在主湖体与小型湖盆之间的2处堤道。各物种的总穿越频率较为相近，但季节变化则体现出不同物种在产卵季节与温度偏好上的特异性差异。整体来看，仅有少量鱼类能够成功穿越跨湖堤道，但成功穿越的个体往往会在后续年份中重复开展跨堤道移动。综上，跨湖堤道或仅能允许极少数个体实现湖盆间的鱼类移动，但这些个体可反复跨堤道以获取生存资源，这表明鱼类的移动与探索行为存在显著的个体间多样性差异。