2016 Mindfulness Stats Complete.xlsx

This pilot study employed a single group quasi-experimental, simultaneous mixed-methods design by utilizing quantitative pre and post testing paired with a written qualitative post-assessment. Thirteen (13) healthcare practitioners employed at a community outpatient mental health clinic in Amherst, Nova Scotia were recruited for the study (table 1). Convenience and snowball sampling were used to recruit participants. The Mindfulness Awareness Practices (MAPs) program is a 6-week, validated protocol delivered by a trained instructor. The intervention has demonstrated usefulness in reducing distress in clinical populations (26, 27). Participants completed the MAPs 6-week course, including weekly 90-minute facilitated group classes. Participants were encouraged to complete and record ‘homework’ activities, including guided meditation practice. The program was delivered on-site at the clinic during the participants’ regular workday. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), first proposed in 2006 is a robust, 39-item self-report, Likert type scale measuring 5 correlates of mindfulness; observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging and non-reacting (28, 29). The scale exhibits reliable construct validity across facets (30). The Perceived Stress Scale (10) (PSS) is a widely used 10-item, self-report questionnaire designed to measure individual stress, demonstrating high internal consistency across populations ( 0.82) (31, 32). Participants completed the FFMQ and the PSS prior to the first session (week 1) and post-participation in the protocol (week 6). Qualitative data was obtained using a brief, written questionnaire that allowed for narrative-style feedback from participants, completed post-intervention. The questions were as follows:

“In what way has the six-week mindfulness training influenced your personal life?”

“In what way has the six-week mindfulness training influenced your clinical practice?”

Statistical Analysis
FFMQ and PSS scores were set as primary outcome measures. Continuous data from the quantitative questionnaires was entered into SPSS. Paired samples t-tests were then conducted. Statistical significance was assumed at 0.05%. Corresponding Cohen's d values were determined, and effect sizes established. Outcome variables included overall mindfulness, perceived stress and the five FFMQ subscales. Secondary outcome measures sought to explore the relationship between engagement and change in outcome scores, however statistical analysis was impacted by poor response rates.

Data Analysis
Participants were provided with the two questions stated above, and in turn provided the researchers with written responses. The written responses were transcribed to text and some minor substitutions (e.g., replacing shorthand with full words) were made to aid legibility, with no impact to the meaning of the responses. Thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative data to observe themes that arose across participants’ varying experiences of the program.

本预实验采用单组准实验、同步混合方法设计，结合量化前后测与书面质性后评估开展研究。本研究招募了加拿大新斯科舍省阿默斯特市某社区门诊心理健康诊所的13名医疗从业者作为研究对象（见表1），采用方便抽样与滚雪球抽样相结合的方式招募受试者。
正念觉知练习（Mindfulness Awareness Practices, MAPs）项目是一项由受训讲师授课、为期6周的经验证方案，该干预方案已被证实可有效缓解临床人群的痛苦情绪[26,27]。受试者完成了为期6周的MAPs课程，包含每周一次、时长90分钟的引导式团体课程；研究鼓励受试者完成并记录“课后作业”，其中包括引导式冥想练习。课程在受试者的常规工作日于诊所内现场开展。
五因素正念问卷（Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, FFMQ）于2006年首次提出，是一款可靠的39条目李克特式自陈量表，用于评估正念的5个维度：观察、描述、有意识地行动、不评判与不反应[28,29]，该量表在各维度上均具备可靠的结构效度[30]。10条目版知觉压力量表（Perceived Stress Scale 10-item version, PSS）是一款应用广泛的自陈问卷，用于评估个体感知到的压力水平，在各类人群中均表现出较高的内部一致性（α=0.82）[31,32]。受试者在首次课程前（第1周）以及完成整个干预方案后（第6周）分别填写FFMQ与PSS量表。
质性数据通过干预后填写的简短书面问卷收集，允许受试者以叙事形式反馈，问卷问题如下：
“为期6周的正念培训在哪些方面影响了你的个人生活？”
“为期6周的正念培训在哪些方面影响了你的临床执业？”

### 统计学分析
FFMQ与PSS得分被设为主要结局指标。将量化问卷所得的连续型数据录入SPSS统计软件，随后进行配对样本t检验，设定统计学显著性阈值为0.05%。同时计算对应的Cohen's d效应量，确定效应大小。结局变量涵盖整体正念水平、知觉压力水平以及FFMQ的5个维度得分。次要结局指标旨在探讨干预参与度与结局指标变化之间的关联，但由于应答率较低，统计学分析受到了影响。

### 质性数据分析
受试者针对上述两个问题提交书面反馈。研究将书面反馈转录为文本，并进行少量格式调整（如将缩略语还原为完整词汇）以提升可读性，未对反馈原意造成任何改动。对质性数据采用主题分析法，以提炼受试者在项目体验中出现的共同主题。