Effects of Region, Epidemic Stage, and Demographic Characteristics on Sleep Quality and Mental Disturbances among Health Care Workers during COVID-19 Outbreak

The objective is to investigate the prevalence of sleep quality and mental disturbances of medical staff and identify the effects of region, epidemic stage, and demographic characteristics during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. Self-administered questionnaire were sent to health care workers (HCWs) in China from 30 Jan to 2 March, 2020. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Patient Health Questionare-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and the Impact of Event Scale were used to assess sleep quality, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms and Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) of HCWs, respectively. The influencing factors of psychological and sleep disturbances were identified by univariate analysis and multiple regression. Research found that HCWs had poorer sleep quality on stage 2 and 3 of the outbreak. HCWs in Hubei had poorer sleep quality but lighter depression condition. gender, age, occupation and status of having children were associated with sleep and mental health. Mental health programs should be considered for HCWs especially those with specific characteristics.

本研究旨在调查中国新冠肺炎疫情暴发期间，医护人员的睡眠质量与心理困扰检出率，并明确地域、疫情阶段及人口学特征所产生的影响。研究于2020年1月30日至3月2日期间，向中国境内的医护人员（health care workers, HCWs）发放了自填式调查问卷。分别采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index）、患者健康问卷-9（Patient Health Questionare-9）、广泛性焦虑障碍量表-7（Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7）以及事件影响量表（Impact of Event Scale），以此评估医护人员的睡眠质量、抑郁症状、焦虑症状与创伤后应激障碍（Post-traumatic stress disorder, PTSD）。研究通过单因素分析与多元回归分析，明确了心理与睡眠困扰的影响因素。结果显示，疫情第二、第三阶段的医护人员睡眠质量更差；湖北省的医护人员睡眠质量更差，但抑郁症状较轻。性别、年龄、职业及生育状况与医护人员的睡眠及心理健康水平相关。应针对医护人员，尤其是具备特定特征的群体，制定心理健康干预方案。