Long-term monitoring of potentially toxic phytoplankton, marine biotoxins and hydrographic variables in open waters off the Basque coast (SE Bay of Biscay)

This dataset shows hydrographic variables, phytoplankton abundance (potentially toxic taxa), and levels of marine biotoxins in bivalves from an offshore shellfish production area on the Basque coast (southeastern Bay of Biscay). Two zones were monitored: one at an aquaculture experimental site (from December 2013 to December 2023), and another at a mussel farm (from June 2019 to December 2023). Not all variables were measured throughout the entire monitoring period. Sampling frequency also varied, although generally, monthly or fortnightly surveys were conducted (except from September 2015 to March 2016). Hydrographic variables (temperature, salinity, density (sigma theta), light transmission, photosynthetically active radiation, chlorophyll "a", dissolved oxygen concentration, and oxygen saturation) were measured in situ at different depths using continuous vertical profilers, Sea-Bird SBE 25 and 25plus CTD instruments. Due to the multi-year duration of the monitoring, phytoplankton and biotoxin analyses were conducted by different laboratories. The Utermöhl method was employed for the identification and counting of phytoplankton, from May 2014 to May 2017 by the University of the Basque Country, and onwards by Oceansnell. Mussels and oysters were analysed to determine the concentration of toxins related to the Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning (ASP) and the Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP), together with several lipophilic phytotoxins (i.e., Okadaic Acid (OA), Dinophysistoxins (DTXs), Pectenotoxins (PTXs), Yessotoxins (YTXs) and Azaspiracids (AZAs)). These biotoxins were analysed by the laboratories of Intecmar (from December 2013 to December 2019) and Cecopesca-Anfaco (from January 2020 to June 2023) following the standardized methodology specified in the corresponding EU Regulations. This work was supported by the Fisheries and Aquaculture Directorate, Department of Economic Development, Sustainability and Environment of the Basque Government through the ACULAB Project.

本数据集收录了巴斯克海岸（比斯开湾东南部）近海贝类养殖区的水文变量、浮游植物丰度（含潜在产毒类群）以及双壳贝类体内的海洋生物毒素水平。本次监测共设置两个区域：一处为水产养殖实验站点，监测时段为2013年12月至2023年12月；另一处为贻贝养殖场，监测时段为2019年6月至2023年12月。并非所有变量均在全监测周期内完成测定，采样频率存在一定差异，整体以月度或双周采样为主，仅2015年9月至2016年3月期间除外。水文变量包括温度、盐度、密度（西格玛θ，sigma theta）、透光率、光合有效辐射、叶绿素a、溶解氧浓度及氧饱和度，采用Sea-Bird SBE 25及25plus型CTD（温盐深剖面仪）在不同深度原位测定。鉴于本次监测周期长达数年，浮游植物与生物毒素分析工作由不同实验室分别完成。浮游植物的鉴定与计数采用乌特莫尔（Utermöhl）法：2014年5月至2017年5月的分析工作由巴斯克大学完成，后续则由Oceansnell实验室承接。本次研究针对贻贝与牡蛎开展检测，以测定与记忆缺失性贝类毒素中毒（Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning, ASP）、麻痹性贝类毒素中毒（Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning, PSP）相关的毒素浓度，以及多种脂溶性藻毒素，包括冈田酸（Okadaic Acid, OA）、鳍藻毒素（Dinophysistoxins, DTXs）、扇贝毒素（Pectenotoxins, PTXs）、虾夷扇贝毒素（Yessotoxins, YTXs）及氮杂螺环酸毒素（Azaspiracids, AZAs）。上述生物毒素的分析工作由Intecmar实验室（2013年12月至2019年12月）及Cecopesca-Anfaco实验室（2020年1月至2023年6月）依照欧盟对应法规规定的标准化方法完成。本研究受巴斯克政府经济发展、可持续发展与环境部渔业与水产养殖局通过ACULAB项目资助。